What is the most severe response and life-threatening allergic
response called? - Correct Answer - anaphylaxis
How long does anaphylaxis occur after exposure to an offending
agent? - Correct Answer - within the first 5-10 min
Symptoms of anaphylaxis include? - Correct Answer - skin
reactions, smooth muscle spasms, respiratory difficulty, and
cardiovascular collapse
Treatment of anaphylaxis: - Correct Answer - 1) Activate EMS 2)
100% O2 3) Monitor vital signs 4) Epinephrine, 1:1000 0.3-0.5 mg
IM, sublingual or subq. In severe cases, especially when there is
a significant hypotension, consider epinephrine 1:10,0000.2-0.5
mg IV slowly in small increments 5) Benadryl 50 mg IV 6)
Decadron 4-8 mg IV or IM 7) ACLS protocols while awaiting
arrival of EMTs
,What are some of the signs of malignant hyperthermia? - Correct
Answer - tachycardia, masseter muscle rigidity, elevated
temperature, CO2 retention, total body rigidity, or lethal
arrhythmias
Treatment of malignant hyperthermia: - Correct Answer - 1)
Activate EMS 2) Hyperventilate with 100% O2 3) Dantrolene
sodium 2.5 mg/kg rapid injection IV 4) IV cold saline (not Ringer's
Lactate) 15 mL/kg every 15 min x3) 5) Ice packs to the groin,
axilla, neck 6) Cold saline lavage to stomach, bladder, rectum 7)
Transport to hospital
Symptoms of uncontrolled hemorrhage include? - Correct Answer
- tachycardia, increasing hypotension - leading to shock,
cardiovascular collapse and possible death
Treatment of uncontrolled hemmorrhage: - Correct Answer -
Pressure to the are of hemorrhage and cauterization if necessary
along with IV fluid replacement. In an emergency situation, IV
fluids can be started with NS or Lactated Ringer's. If blood loss is
severe, transport pt to hospital
, Patients most at risk in the OMS office for intraarterial injection
are? - Correct Answer - those with anomalously positioned
arteries, obese patients, and/or have low pulsations in the artery
Which area is most likely to be affected by an intraarterial
injection? - Correct Answer - the antecubital fossa
OMS medications that are commonly used that cause the most
damage (in regards to intraarterial injections) are what? - Correct
Answer - benzodiazepines, Propofol, and barbiturates
How to avoid an intraarterial injection? - Correct Answer - palpate
the intended vessel, examine the blood return in the catheter and
IV line
What is an indication of an intraarterial injection? - Correct Answer
- bright red or pulsatile return
What are the early symptoms of an intraarterial injection? -
Correct Answer - immediate and significant pain, numbness, and
weakness distal to the catheter site
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