BIOL 2420 Exam 1 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 2420
Institution
BIO 2420
What is physiology? Study of function
What was Aristotle's contribution to physiology? He believed that large structures were made of smaller things, and coined the term physiologi to describe natural causes for diseases
What did Hooke do? He made a 30x microscope, He was the first to see and nam...
BIOL 2420 Exam 1 Practice Questions
and Correct Answers
What is physiology? ✅Study of function
What was Aristotle's contribution to physiology? ✅He believed that large structures
were made of smaller things, and coined the term physiologi to describe natural causes
for diseases
What did Hooke do? ✅He made a 30x microscope, He was the first to see and name
cells
What is the body's structural hierarchy? Can you list the organization from smallest to
largest units? ✅Atoms, molecules, organelles, cells(first living!), tissues, organs, organ
systems, organisms
Smallest Unit of Life? ✅Cell
What are tissues composed of? What are organs? How are organs different from an
organ system? ✅Tissues are composed of cells, Organs are two or more tissue types
come together to carry out a particular function. Organs are only part of an organ
system. Organ systems work to carry out a general function of the body.
What is reductionism? How is that different than holism? ✅Large, complex systems
can be understood by studying their simpler components (reductionism)
The components are not completely independent. In order to understand the whole
organism you must look at all the parts (holism).
Is every body structured the same way? The anatomy books show the most common
organization. This would match what percentage of people? We discussed the palmaris
longus muscle in class. What does this demonstrate? ✅No, Anatomy books fit 70% of
people.
Palmaris longus muscle is a muscle that we don't use that some people have, and some
don't. (Variation in the body)
What is situs inversus? Can someone survive with this condition? ✅Your organ system
is flipped, you can survive it.
Is every body physiologically the same? What can contribute to the differences we see?
If we don't recognize that variation in physiology varies, what can happen? ✅No, Sex,
age, diet, weight, physical activity, genetics and environment all play a role. Failure to
, consider variation can lead to overmedication of elderly or medicating women on the
basis of research done on men.
What are some characteristics shared by all living organisms? ✅•Organization—living
things exhibit a higher level of organization than nonliving things
• Cellular composition—living matter is always compartmentalized into one or more
cells• Metabolism—internal chemical reactions
• Responsiveness—the ability to sense and react to stimuli (irritability or excitability)
• Movement—of the organism and/or of substances within the organism
• Development—differentiation and growth• Reproduction—producing copies of
themselves; passing genes to offspring
• Evolution —changes in genes
• Homeostasis—maintaining relatively stable internal conditions
What did the "Men in the Oven" experiment help demonstrate? ✅Showed that our
body is pretty dang good at maintaiing a stable temperature despite extreme
temperatures (homeostasis)
What is homeostasis? Can you give examples of negative and positive feedback?
✅the ability to detect change, activate mechanisms that oppose it, and thereby
maintain relatively stable internal conditions.
Negative feedback: The body senses a change and "negates" or reverses it. Ex:
Shivering and sweating for body temp
Positive Feedback: Self-amplifying cycle. Leads to greater change in the same
direction. Feedback loop is repeated—change produces more change. Ex: Fever to kill
bacteria
What are the three parts of the Cell Theory? ✅all organisms are made of cells, all
existing cells are produced by other living cells, the cell is the most basic unit of life
How much work has gone into understanding our cells? Have we figured it all out? Look
at the last date when tannosomes were discovered. ✅Lots! We are still learning,
Tannosomes were discovered in 2013
What are the four criteria used to define a cell? ✅•Bounded by a phospholipid bilayer
(aka the plasma membrane) that separates the cytoplasm from the extracellular
environment.
• Gathers raw materials from the environment and uses it as structural building blocks
and as a source of free energy that is used to create and maintain its organization.
• Contains a heritable genetic code that encodes proteins.
• Can divide and reproduce itself (not all can divide).
Can we see any cells with the naked eye? ✅Yes, female eggs
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