BIOL 2420 - Exam 5 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 2420
Institution
BIO 2420
What is respiration? obtaining and use of oxygen and the removal of CO2
What are the 3 mechanisms of respiration? ventilation external respiration internal respiration
What is ventilation? move air into lungs
What is external respiration? exchange of gasses between lungs and blood
What is inter...
BIOL 2420 - Exam 5 Practice Questions
and Correct Answers
What is respiration? ✅obtaining and use of oxygen and the removal of CO2
What are the 3 mechanisms of respiration? ✅ventilation
external respiration
internal respiration
What is ventilation? ✅move air into lungs
What is external respiration? ✅exchange of gasses between lungs and blood
What is internal respiration? ✅exchange of gasses between the blood and the tissues
What is diffusion? ✅Movement of molecules from high to low concentration
What drives internal respiration? ✅diffusion - moving from area where there's more to
area where there's less
What is the anatomical review of the respiratory system? ✅nasal cavity -> pharynx->
epiglottis -> glottis->larynx->trachea->primary bronchi->secondary bronchi->tertiary
bronchi->terminal broncihole->respiratory bronchiole->alveolus (air sacs) -> pulmonary
capillaries
Starting at ___________ bronchiole there is gas exchange ✅respiratory
-but mainly alveolus
Where does gas exchange take place? ✅alveoli and capillaries
What is type 1 alveolus? ✅epithelial - one cell layer thick; make up the wall of the
alveolus
What does type 2 alveolus do? ✅release pulmonary surfactant
T/F: Alveolus has a macrophage ✅TRUE - it helps get rid of stuff that makes it all the
way through alveolus
What is the thoracic cavity bordered by? ✅thoracic vertebrae
ribs
sternum
diaphragm
, What part of the body is considered the lungs? ✅"Secondary bronchi down"
-air passages, blood vessels and elastic connective tissue (hold alveoli in place)
What is elastic recoil? ✅result of connective tissue and surface tension (trying to pull
inward and collapse the alveoli) in the lung
What is the surface tension limited by in the lung? ✅pulmonary surfactant (type 2 ->
prevent alveoli from closing completely by decreasing surface tension)
What do type 2 surfactants prevent? ✅alveoli from closing completely
What is the parietal pleura? ✅directly adhered to thoracic wall and diaphragm
What is the visceral pleura stuck to? ✅lungs
What is the pleural cavity? ✅filled with fluid, prevent friction
What does the pleural cavity prevent? ✅friction
What holds lungs to thoracic wall and diaphragm? - pulls on lungs ✅Lung
pleura/pleural sac
-this enables you to breathe (pulls on lungs and pulls them open to inflate them)
Does intra-alveolar pressure ventilation occur inside lungs or pleural sac? ✅inside of
lungs
What is atmospheric pressure? ✅the pressure exerted by the weight of the
atmosphere
What type of ventilation pressure occurs inside of pleural sacs? ✅intra-pleural
pressure
Before inhalation what pressures equal each other? ✅Intra-alveolar= atmospheric
pressure
*no difference i.e. nothing is moving
Is the intra-pleural pressure lower or higher than the other 2 before inhalation? ✅lower
*always
What pressure will always be a little lower? ✅intra-pleural
During inhalation, intra-alveolar is ____________ than atmospheric ✅lower
*air goes down gradient, is sucked in and fills up your longs
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