Biol 2420 Exam One Study Guide with Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 2420
Institution
BIO 2420
What are microbes? microscopic organisms
In what ways microbes are beneficial to humans? Some are capable of helping human bodily functions, for example, some speed up the rate of digestion, produce oxygen through photosynthesis, produce ethanol and vitamins, disease treatment., and fermented food...
Biol 2420 Exam One Study Guide with
Questions and Correct Answers
What are microbes? ✅microscopic organisms
In what ways microbes are beneficial to humans? ✅Some are capable of helping
human bodily functions, for example, some speed up the rate of digestion, produce
oxygen through photosynthesis, produce ethanol and vitamins, disease treatment., and
fermented food.
In what ways microbes are harmful to humans? ✅A small amount of them can be
detrimental to the body by causing disease to spread to us, causing us to become sick,
due to their pathogenicity.
What are the different microbes studied in microbiology? ✅There are seven: Bacteria,
Algae, Fungi, Archea, Protozoa, Helminths, and Viruses
What are the subdivisions of microbiology which deal with studying these different
microbes? ✅There are four: bacteriology, Phycology, Mycology, and virology, this
excludes study of Archea, Helminths, and Protozoa
Are all microbes microscopic? ✅Yes, No microbe can be seen with the unassisted
human eye.
What are the prokaryotic microbes? Eukaryotic microbes? ✅Bacteria: Prokaryotic
Algae: Eukaryotic
Fungi: Eukaryotic
Archea: Prokaryotic
Protozoa: Eukaryotic
Virus: Acellular
Helminths: Eukaryotic
Study the scientists and their contributions to the golden age of microbiology.
✅Pasteur: Argued and disproved Spontaneous Generation
Lister: Proved microbes cause infection
Koch: Linking of microbes to specific diseases
Jenner: Vaccination
What are the emerging diseases and the pathogens (virus, bacteria, etc) which cause
them? ✅Middle East respiratory syndrome: Caused by Middle East respiratory
syndrome coronavirus
Avian influenza A: Primarily in waterfowl and poultry
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: Methicillin resistance
, West Nile encephalitis:Caused by West Nile virus
Bovine spongiform encephalopathy : Caused by a prion, an infectious protein
Ebola hemorrhagic fever: contact with infected blood
E. coli : Toxin-producing strain of E. coli
Cryptosporidiosis: Cryptosporidium protozoa
AIDS: Caused by human immunodeficiency virus
Why is water considered as biological solvent? ✅Nearly everything comes apart in
water due to the oxygen having a negative charge to attract positive things and
hydrogen having a positive charge to attract negative things.
What are the organic molecules? Name their building blocks and their uses ✅Nucleic
Acids-
Proteins-
Carbohydrates-
Lipids-
Why is microscopy important in microbiology? ✅It allows us to observe microbes and
understand their structure better.
What is: resolution, refractive index, total magnification ✅ability of the lenses to
distinguish two points
measure of the light-bending
The amount of times the eye is zoomed to see what is on the slide.
What is the purpose of stains? What is a chromophore? ✅Stains increase contrast.
The thing that gives molecules color.
What are simple stains and what kind of information this staining technique reveals?
✅Use of one basic dye to see structure.
What is differential staining? What is its importance? ✅It's used to differentiate
between bacteria
What is the Gram staining? How important is Gram staining in the treatment of bacterial
Infections? ✅Classifies bacteria as positive or negative. It allows us to see the extent
of the infection to determine the best course of action.
What are the steps in Gram staining? What is the purpose of the primary stain? Iodine?
Acid
alcohol? Counterstain? ✅Crystal Violet- Colors all bacteria
Iodine- Protects one kind of stain
Alcohol- clean first coating of stain
Safranin- see second kind of bacteria
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