ENVS 2210 Midterm
gf gf
1)gfWhatgfisgfthegflatingfnamegfforgfthegfWesterngfhoneygfBee,gfofgfEuropegfandgfAfrica?gfWhatgfdo
esgfitgfmean?
2)gfWhatgfdidgfLinnaeusgftrygftogfrenamegfitgfto?gfWhygfdidgfhegffail?
3)gfWhygfisgfthegftermgfmelliferagfinaccurate?gf-gfcorrectgfans-
1)gfApisgfmelliferagfL.,gf1758gf(scientificgfnamegfingfitalicsgforgfunderlined);gf'honey-
carryinggfbee',gfLinnaeusgfnamedgfit,gf1758gfwasgfthegfyeargfLinnaeusgfassignedgfthisgfname
2)gfApisgfmellifica,gf'thegfhoney-
makinggfbee'gfingf1761gf(butgfrulesgfofgfclassificationgfdogfnotgfallowgfthis-
cangfchangegfthegfgenusgfbutgfnotgfthegfspecies)
3)gfmeansgf'honey-carrying'gfandgfbeesgfdon'tgfcarrygfhoneygf(theygfcollectgfnectar)
1)gfTogfwhichgfkingdomgfdogfhoneybeesgfbelong?gfWhy?
2)gfTogfwhichgfphylumgfdogfhoneybeesgfbelong?gfExplaingftraitsgfofgfthisgfphylum.
3)gfExamplesgfofgfothergfarthropoda?*gf-gfcorrectgfans-
1)gfanimaliagf(theygfaregfmulticellulargfandgfmotile)
2)gfarthropodagf(havegfangfexoskeleton,gfsegmentedgfbody,gfpairedgfsegmentedgfappendages,
gfonegfpairgfofgf segmentedgf antennae,gf usuallygf 1-2gf pairsgf ofgf wings)
3)gflobsters,gfcrabs,gfinsects,gfticks,gfandgfmites
1)gfTogfwhichgfclassgfdogfhoneybeesgfbelong?gfExplaingftraitsgfofgfthisgfclass.gf
2)gfTogfwhichgfordergfdogfhoneybeesgfbelong?gfExplaingftraitsgfofgfthisgforder.
3)gfTogfwhichgffamilygfdogfhoneybeesgfbelong?gfExplaingftraitsgfofgfthisgffamily*gf-gfcorrectgfans-
1)gfinsecta:gfthreegfbodygfpartsgf(head,gfthorax,gfabdomen),gf3gfpairsgfofgflegsgf(fore,gfmid,gfandgfhi
nd),gf1gfpairgfofgfsegmentedgfantennae,gfusuallygf1-
2gfpairsgfofgfwingsgf(butgftheregfaregfflightlessgfinsects)
2)gfhymenoptera:gf(bees,gfwasps,gfants,gfandgfsawflies),gf2gfpairsgfofgfmembranousgfwingsgf(theg
forigingf ofgfthegfordergf name)gf usuallygffolded,gffemalegf withgf ovipositorgfforgf layinggf eggsgf (modifi
edgfintogfagf'sting'gfingfmostgfbees,gfmostgfants,gfandgfsomegfwasps)
3)gfapidae-
socialgfbeesgf(7gffamiliesgfofgfbeesgfaregfcurrentlygfrecognized):gfhoneybees,gfbumblebees,gforc
hidgfbees,gfstinglessgfbees,gfandgfsomegfothers,gfclosestgfancestorsgfofgfbeesgfaregfwasps,gfance
stralgfwaspsgfcollectedgfanimalgfprey;gfbeesgfaregfspecializedgftogfcollectgfpollengfasgftheirgfsourc
egfofgfproteingfandgflipids,gfmostgfbeesgfaregfhairygfinsectsgf(branchedgfhairsgfongfbody);gfhairsgfpic
kgfupgfpollengffromgfflowers
1)gfTogfwhichgfgenusgfdogfhoneybeesgfbelong?gfDescribegftraitsgfofgfthisgfgenus.
2)gfDescribegfagfhoneybee'sgfeye
3)gfWhatgfdogfthegfhairsgfongfagfbee'sgfeyegfdo?*gf-gfcorrectgfans-1)gfApis:gf9-
12gfspeciesgfrecognizedgftoday,gfallgfspeciesgflivegfingfAsiagfexceptgfforgfApisgfmellifera,gfhoneyb
eegfcombsgfhavegfhexagonalgfcellsgfandgfaregfmadegfcompletelygffromgfbeeswaxgfsecretedgfbygf
workergfbees,gfhoneybeesgfaregfthegfonlygfbeesgfwithgfhairygfeyes
2)gfeachgfindividualgfcompoundgfeyegfisgfmadegfupgfofgfaboutgf6900gfhexagonalgffacets,gfeachgfc
ontaininggfitsgfowngflensgftogfreceivegflight,gfagfpigmentedgfconegftogfconcentrategfandgffocusgfit,gfa
ndgfsensorygfretinalgfcellsgfforgflightgfperception
,3)gfsensegfflightgfspeedgfand/orgfdirection-
ifgfthegfeyesgfaregfshaved,gfforagersgfhavegfdifficultygforientinggfasgftheygfflygfneargftheirgfnest
1)gfTogfwhichgfspeciesgfdogfhoneybeesgfbelong?gf
2)gfWhatgfaregfthegfthreegfraces/subspeciesgfofgfapisgfmellifera?gfElaborategfongfrace/subspeci
esgfofgfA.m.*gf-gfcorrectgfans-1)gfmellifera
2)gfligustica,gfscutellata,gfandgfcapensis
-
thesegfthreegfracesgfallgfbelonggftogfthegfsamegfspeciesgf(theygfcangfinterbreedgfandgfproducegfvia
blegfoffspring)
-
agfracegfhasgfuniquegfidentifyinggftraitsgf(morphologicalgfandgfbehavioural)gfthatgfwegfrecognizegf
bygfagfthirdgf(subspecies)gfname
1)gfWhatgfdogfhairsgfongfthegfhoneybee'sgfeyesgfdo?
2)gfDogfallgfbeesgfmakegftheirgfnestsgfentirelygfoutgfofgfbeeswax?
3)gfHowgfisgfbeeswaxgfformed?
4)gfWhygfdoesgfwaxgfturngfyellow?*gf-gfcorrectgfans-
1)gfsensegfwindgfspeedgftogfhelpgfthemgforientgfingfthegfenvironment
2)gfNo,gfjustgfhoneybees;gfothergfbeesgfmixgfingfdunggfandgfplantgfmaterial
3)gfwhengfagfbeegfisgffullgfofgfnectargforgfhoney,gfitgftriggersgfthemgftogfchangegfsomegfofgfthatgfsugar
gf intogf wax
-waxgfglandsgfongfundersidegfofgfabdomengf(puregfwhite,gfalmostgftransparent)
4)gfbecausegfbeesgftrackgffinegfmaterialgfaroundgfongfthegfcombsgfcausinggfagfchemicalgfchangegf
ingfcolourgffromgfwhite/transparentgftogfyellow
Waspsgfvsgfbees?*gf-gfcorrectgfans--waspsgfhavegfnon-
hairygfbodies,gffoldedgfwings,gfnarrowgf'wasp-waist'
-beesgfaregfhairy,gfhavegfopengfwings
1)gfWhatgfisgfagfcaste?
2)gfWhatgfaregfthegfmorphologicalgfcastes?gf-gfcorrectgfans-
1)gfagffunctionallygfdistinctgfgroupgfwithingfagfsociety
-ingfhoneybees,gftheygfaregfbothgfmorphologicalgfandgfbehaviouralgfcastes
2)gfworkersgf(2000-80,000),gfqueensgf(usuallygf1,gfrarelygf2),gfandgfdronesgf(0-2000+)
1)gfDescribegfthegfqueen
2)gfDescribegfworkers
3)gfDescribegfdrones*gf-gfcorrectgfans-1)gf-femalegf(sex)
-primarygfegggflayergf
-
maintainsgfcolonygfcohesiongfwithgfpheromonesgf(chemicalsgfemittedgfoutsidegfthegfbodygfthatgf
enablegfcommunicationgfbetweengfindividualsgfofgfthegfsamegfspecies)
2)gf-femalegf(sex)
-
performsgfallgf'work'gfingfthegfcolony:gfbroodgfcare,gfnestgfdefence,gfforaging,gfwaxgfsecretion,gfco
mb-building,gffeedinggfthegfqueengfandgfdrones,gfmakinggfnectargfintogfhoney,gfetc
3)gf-malegf(sex)
-onegffunction:gftogfmategfwithgfagfqueengf(ingfflight)
-dronesgfdiegfduringgfthegfactgfofgfmating
-getgffedgfbygfworkers
, -producedgfseasonally
1)gfSincegfthegfhoneybeegfnestgfisgfdarkgfinside,gfhowgfdogftheygforientgfthemselves?
2)gfHowgfdogfthegfbeesgfknowgfwhichgfofgfthemgfisgfthegfqueen?*gf-gfcorrectgfans-
1)gfbygftouch,gfvibration,gfsmell,gfetc
2)gfshegfproducesgfagf'queengfsubstance'gfthatgfshe'sgftheregfandgffunctioninggfproperly-
doesn'tgftakegftoogflonggfforgfthegfbeesgftogfrealizegfshegfisgfgonegfasgfpheromonesgfdisappeargfgr
aduallygfeverygf25mingforgfso
Whatgfaregfcellsgfthegf3gfcastesgfaregfrearedgfin?*gf-gfcorrectgfans--
workergfcells:gfhorizontal;gfhexagonal;gf5.3-5.5mmgfwidegf(ingfEuropeangfraces)
-dronegfcells:gfhorizontal;gfhexagonal;gf6.2-6.8mmgfwidegf(muchgflargergfthangfworkergfcells)
-queengfcell:gfdownward-
facing;gfround;gfstartgfasgfagfroundedgfcupgfthatgfbecomesgfelongatedgftogfresemblegfagfpeanut
Whatgfhappensgfaftergflarvaegfisgfreared?*gf-gfcorrectgfans--
theygfaregfsealedgfingfwithgfwax,gfandgfthegflarvaegfspinsgfagfcocoongfandgfpupatesgf(capgfbrood)
-chewgfoffgfcapgfandgfemergegfasgfangfadult
1)gfHoneybeesgflivegfingfagfcolony.gfWhatgfmakesgfupgfagfcolony?
2)gfWhatgfisgfmeantgfbygfbrood?
3)gfWhatgfisgfpollen?gf-gfcorrectgfans-1)gf-
nest:gfwaxgfcombs,gffoodgf(pollen,gfnectar,gfhoney),gfandgfbrood
-bees:gfqueen,gfworkers,gfdrones
2)gfeggs,gflarvae,gfandgfpupaegf(sealedgforgfcappedgfbrood)
3)gfmalegfgermgfcellsgfofgfplants;gfprovidesgfproteinsgfandgflipidsgfandgfvitaminsgfandgfminerals
1)gfWhatgfisgfnectar?
2)gfWhatgfisgfhoney?
3)gfWhatgfisgfthegfcomb?gf-gfcorrectgfans-
1)gfsugarygfsolutiongfderivedgffromgfplantsgf(usuallygffromgfflowers)
2)gfconcentratedgfandgfchemicallygfalteredgfnectar;gfmostlygfsugarsgfbutgfsomegfenzymesgfandgf
smallgfamountsgfofgfpollen,gfminerals,gfetc
3)gfthegfstructuregfofgfinterconnectinggfhexagonalgfcellsgfconstructedgfentirelygfofgfbeeswax
Whatgfisgfagfhive?gfExamples?gf-gfcorrectgfans--
agfstructuregfmadegfbygfhumansgfforgfbeesgftogfinhabit
-hivesgfcangfbegfmadegfofgfwoodengfboards,gfhollygflogs,gfclaygfpots,gfgrass,gfmud,gfetc
-peoplegfoftengfincorrectlygfrefergftogf'colonies'gfasgf'hives'
Example:gf'MikegfParkergfmanagesgf6000gfhives.'gf(shouldgfsaygfoccupiedgfhives)
Example:gf'There'sgfagfbeegfhivegfingfthegftupelogftreegfdowngfyonder."gf(shouldgfbegfnest,gfnotgfhiv
e)
1)gfHoneygfbeesgfaregfhighlygf___________
2)gfAgfhealthygfbeegfcolonygfnevergfhasgflessgfthangf_________workergfbees
3)gfColoniesgfaregfpotentiallygf__________*gf-gfcorrectgfans-1)gfsocial
2)gf4000
3)gfeternal
1)gfWhatgfaregfthegflifespansgfofgfthegfdifferentgftypesgfofgfbees?
2)gfWhygfaregfcellsgftippedgfslightlygfupward?
3)gfDogfqueensgfdevelopgffastergforgfslowergfthangfworkers?
4)gfDogfdronesgfdevelopgffastergforgfslowergfthangfworkers?gf-gfcorrectgfans-1)gfqueen:gf1-
6gfyears
