Med Surg Final GI questions Latest Update 2024-
2025 Actual Exam 550 Questions and 100%
Correct Answers Guaranteed A+
-1. A nurse is assessing a patient who has been diagnosed with cholecystitis, and is
experiencing localized abdominal pain. When assessing the characteristics of the
patient's pain, the nurse should anticipate that it may radiate to what region?
A) Left upper chest
B) Inguinal region
C) Neck or jaw
D) Right shoulder - CORRECT ANSWER: CORRECT ANSWER: D
Feedback: The patient may have biliary colic with excruciating upper right abdominal
pain that radiates to the back or right shoulder. Pain from cholecystitis does not typically
radiate to the left upper chest, inguinal area, neck, or jaw.
-A nurse is caring for a patient who just has been diagnosed with a peptic ulcer. When
teaching the patient about his new diagnosis, how should the nurse best describe a
peptic ulcer?
A) Inflammation of the lining of the stomach
B) Erosion of the lining of the stomach or intestine
C) Bleeding from the mucosa in the stomach
D) Viral invasion of the stomach wall - CORRECT ANSWER: CORRECT ANSWER: B
Feedback:
A peptic ulcer is erosion of the lining of the stomach or intestine. Peptic ulcers are often
accompanied by bleeding and inflammation, but these are not the definitive
characteristics.
-A nurse is caring for a patient with liver failure and is performing an assessment in the
knowledge of the patient's increased risk of bleeding. The nurse recognizes that this risk
is related to the patient's inability to synthesize prothrombin in the liver. What factor
most likely contributes to this loss of function?
,A) Alterations in glucose metabolism
B) Retention of bile salts
C) Inadequate production of albumin by hepatocytes
D) Inability of the liver to use vitamin K - CORRECT ANSWER: CORRECT ANSWER: D
Feedback:
Decreased production of several clotting factors may be partially due to deficient
absorption of vitamin K from the GI tract. This probably is caused by the inability of liver
cells to use vitamin K to make prothrombin. This bleeding risk is unrelated to the roles of
glucose, bile salts, or albumin.
-A nurse is preparing to place a patient's ordered nasogastric tube. How should the
nurse best determine the correct length of the nasogastric tube?
A) Place distal tip to nose, then ear tip and end of xiphoid process.
B) Instruct the patient to lie prone and measure tip of nose to umbilical area.
C) Insert the tube into the patient's nose until secretions can be aspirated.
D) Obtain an order from the physician for the length of tube to insert. - CORRECT
ANSWER: CORRECT ANSWER: A Feedback:
Tube length is traditionally determined by (1) measuring the distance from the tip of the
nose to the earlobe and from the earlobe to the xiphoid process, and (2) adding up to 6
inches for NG placement or at least 8 to 10 inches or more for intestinal placement,
although studies do not necessarily confirm that this is a reliable technique. The
physician would not prescribe a specific length and the umbilicus is not a landmark for
this process. Length is not determined by aspirating from the tube.
-A nurse is providing oral care to a patient who is comatose. What action best
addresses the patient's risk of tooth decay and plaque accumulation?
A) Irrigating the mouth using a syringe filled with a bacteriocidal mouthwash
B) Applying a water-soluble gel to the teeth and gums
C) Wiping the teeth and gums clean with a gauze pad
D) Brushing the patient's teeth with a toothbrush and small amount of toothpaste -
CORRECT ANSWER: CORRECT ANSWER: D
Feedback:
,Application of mechanical friction is the most effective way to cleanse the patient's
mouth. If the patient is unable to brush teeth, the nurse may brush them, taking
precautions to prevent aspiration; or as a substitute, the nurse can achieve mechanical
friction by wiping the teeth with a gauze pad. Bacteriocidal mouthwash does reduce
plaque-causing bacteria; however, it is not as effective as application of mechanical
friction. Water-soluble gel may be applied to lubricate dry lips, but it is not part of oral
care.
-A nurse is working with a patient who has chronic constipation. What should be
included in patient teaching to promote normal bowel function?
A) Use glycerin suppositories on a regular basis.
B) Limit physical activity in order to promote bowel peristalsis.
C) Consume high-residue, high-fiber foods.
D) Resist the urge to defecate until the urge becomes intense. - CORRECT ANSWER:
CORRECT ANSWER: C
Feedback:
Goals for the patient include restoring or maintaining a regular pattern of elimination by
responding to the urge to defecate, ensuring adequate intake of fluids and high-fiber
foods, learning about methods to avoid constipation, relieving anxiety about bowel
elimination patterns, and avoiding complications. Ongoing use of pharmacologic aids
should not be promoted, due to the risk of dependence. Increased mobility helps to
maintain a regular pattern of elimination. The urge to defecate should be heeded.
.
27. A patient has a recent diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis and is undergoing diagnostic
testing to determine pancreatic islet cell function. The nurse should anticipate what
diagnostic test?
A) Glucose tolerance test
B) ERCP
C) Pancreatic biopsy
D) Abdominal ultrasonography - CORRECT ANSWER: CORRECT ANSWER: A
Feedback: A glucose tolerance test evaluates pancreatic islet cell function and provides
necessary information for making decisions about surgical resection of the pancreas.
This specific clinical information is not provided by ERCP, biopsy, or ultrasound.
, .
29. The family of a patient in the ICU diagnosed with acute pancreatitis asks the nurse
why
the patient has been moved to an air bed. What would be the nurse's best response?
A) Air beds allow the care team to reposition her more easily while she's on bed rest
B) Air beds are far more comfortable than regular beds and she'll likely have to be
on bed rest a long time.i
C) iThe bed automatically moves, so she's less likely to develop pressure sores while
she's in bed.i
D) iThe bed automatically moves, so she is likely to have less pain.i - CORRECT
ANSWER: CORRECT ANSWER: C
Feedback: It is important to turn the patient every 2 hours; use of specialty beds may be
indicated to prevent skin breakdown. The rationale for a specialty bed is not related to
repositioning, comfort, or ease of movement.
.
7. A patient has been scheduled for an ultrasound of the gallbladder the following
moming. What should the nurse do in preparation for this diagnostic study?
A) Have the patient refrain from food and fluids after midnight.
B) Administer the contrast agent orally 10 to 12 hours before the study.
C) Administer the radioactive agent intravenously the evening before the study.
D) Encourage the intake of 64 ounces of water 8 hours before the study. - CORRECT
ANSWER: CORRECT ANSWER: A
Feedback: An ultrasound of the gallbladder is most accurate if the patient fasts
overnight, so that the gallbladder is distended Contrast and radioactive agents are not
used when performing ultrasonography of the gallbladder, as an ultrasound is based on
reflected sound waves.
1. A nurse is caring for a patient who is scheduled for a colonoscopy and whose bowel
preparation will include polyethylene glycol electrolyte lavage prior to the procedure.
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