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HOSA PHARMACOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS WITH DETAILED ANSWERS | A+ GRADE ASSURED // BRAND NEW
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Absorption - ANS Process by which a drug enters the circulatory system (blood). Intravenous (IV) & Intra-Arterial - ANS Administration/Dosage routs that do not require absorption. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, & Elimination... The Pharmacokinetic Process - ANS ADME Addiction ...

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  • October 2, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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HOSA PHARMACOLOGY
EXAM QUESTIONS WITH




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DETAILED ANSWERS | A+
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GRADE ASSURED // BRAND
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,Absorption - ANS Process by which a drug enters the circulatory system (blood).

Intravenous (IV) & Intra-Arterial - ANS Administration/Dosage routs that do not require
absorption.

Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, & Elimination... The Pharmacokinetic Process - ANS
ADME

Addiction - ANS Dependence characterized by a perceived need to take a drug to attain the
psychological & physical effects of mood altering substances.

Affinity - ANS Natural attraction - the strength by which a particular chemical messenger binds




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to its receptor site on a cell

Agonist - ANS Drug that mimics the action of a neurotransmitter when it binds to a particular
receptor site - i.e. & triggers the cell's response in a manner similar to the action of the body's
own chemical messenger.


hypersensitive reaction.
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Allergen - ANS Substance of a usually harmless nature that produces an abnormal


Allergic Response - ANS A hypersensitive reaction to any usually harmless substance that
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does not normally cause a reaction.

Anaphylactic Reaction - ANS Severe allergic response resulting in immediate life-threatening
respiratory distress, usually followed by vascular collapse & shock accompanied w/ hives.
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Angioedema - ANS Abnormal accumulation of fluid in tissue.

Antagonist - ANS Drug that neutralizes or counteracts the effects of a neurotransmitter or
another drug when it binds to a particular receptor site.

Antigen - ANS Foreign substance that is recognized by the immune system & induces the
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immune system to produce antibodies to defend against the foreign substance.

Bioavailability - ANS Degree to which a drug or other substance becomes available to the
target tissue after administration.

Blood-Brain Barrier - ANS Fortified area that prevents many substances from entering the
cerebro-spinal fluid from the blood. This area is formed by glial cells that envelope capillaries in
the fcentral nervous system. This creates a shield that blocks many water-soluble compounds,
but is permeable to lipid-soluble substances.

Ceiling Effect - ANS Point @ which no clinical response occurs w/ increased dosage of a drug.

,Clearance - ANS Rate @ which a drug is eliminated from a specific volume of blood per unit of
time.

Contraindication - ANS Any disease, condition, or symptom for which a drug will not be
beneficial & may be harmful.

Dependence - ANS State in which a person's body has adapted physiologically &
psychologically to a drug & cannot function w/o it.

Distribution - ANS Process by which a drug moves from the blood into other body fluids &
tissues & ultimately to its site(s) of action.




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Dose - ANS Quantity of a drug administered at one time.

Drug Abuse - ANS Use of a drug for purposes other than those prescribed &/or in amounts
that were not directed. This is often linked to addiction.




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Drug Interaction - ANS When a drug is affected in some way by another drug, foods, or other
substances, such as when enzymes that metabolize the drug are induced or inhibited.

Drug Interaction Relationship: Addition - ANS The combined effect of 2 drugs is equal to the
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sum of the effects of each drug taken alone.

Drug Interaction Relationship: Antagonism - ANS The action of 1 drug negates the action of a
2nd drug.
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Drug Interaction Relationship: Potentiation - ANS 1 drug increases or prolongs the action of
another drug, & the total effect is greater than the sum of the effects of each drug used alone -
drug potency is increased.

Drug Interaction Relationship: Synergism - ANS The combined effect of 2 drugs is more
intense or longer in duration than the sum of their individual effects. Drugs that work in
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combination like this are usually prescribed together.

Enzymes, Nucleic Acids, Receptors, & Transport Proteins - ANS Types of specific body
molecules that drugs can combine w/.

Duration Of Action - ANS Length of time a drug gives the desired response/remains at the
therapeutic level.

Elimination - ANS Removal of a drug or the drugs metabolites from the body by excretion.

, First-Order - ANS Drugs for which the rate of elimination is concentration dependent (as
opposed to ____ _ _____).

First-Pass Effect - ANS Extent to which a drug is metabolized by the liver before reaching full
body circulation. This can substantially decrease bioavailability of certain drugs when
administered orally, in which case administration by injection is required.

Half-Life - ANS Time necessary for the body to eliminate half of the drug in the body @ any 1
time (written as T 1/2).

Homeostasis - ANS Maintenance of stability in the internal environment of the body.




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Induction - ANS Process by which a drug increases the concentration of certain enzymes that
affect the pharmacologic response to other drugs.

Inhibition - ANS Process by which a drug blocks enzyme activity & impairs the metabolism of
another drug.


substance, such as alcohol or nicotine.
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Interaction - ANS Change in the action of a drug caused by another drug, food, or another


Lipid - ANS Fatty molecule - An important constituent of cell membranes; they generally repel
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water.

Local Effect - ANS Action of a drug that is confined to a specific part of the body.

Loading Dose - ANS Amt of a drug that will bring the blood concentration rapidly to a
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therapeutic level.

Maintenance Dose - ANS Amt of a drug administered at regular intervals to keep the blood
concentration @ a therapeutic level. An important factor in determining this, is a drug's
clearance rate.
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Metabolic Pathway - ANS Sequence of chemical steps that convert a drug tinto a metabolite.

Metabolism - ANS Process by which drugs are chemically converted to other compounds.

Metabolite - ANS Substance into which a drug is chemically converted in the body.

Peak - ANS Top or upper limit of a drug's concentration in the blood.

Pharmacokinetic Modeling - ANS Method of describing the process of absorption, distribution,
metabolism, & elimination (ADME) of drug w/i the body mathematically.

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