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Med Surg Exam #2 (NUR 172)/98 Questions and Answers
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Med Surg Exam #2 (NUR 172)/98Questions and Answers
primary hypertension - - - denotes high blood pressure from an unidentified
cause; also called essential hypertension
- Causes medial hyperplasia (thickening) of arterioles
- secondary hypertension - - - high blood pressure caused by the effects of
another disease
- has a more gradual onset than primary
- does not cause the target-organ damage that occurs with primary
- has a specific cause (i.e. renal failure) that can often be corrected by
medicine or surgery
- caused by age-related changes in BP regular mechanisms in individuals
over 65 years
- Effects of hypertension on the body - - Gradual loss of elasticity in arterial
walls results in less stretch and recoil
Heart has to work harder to pump blood through the cardiovascular system;
causes left ventricle to thicken; can cause bone loss and osteoporosis
- How is hypertension diagnosed? - - by checking blood pressure
- effects of atherosclerosis - - sudden numbness or weakness in your arms
or legs, difficulty speaking or slurred speech, temporary loss of vision in one
eye, or drooping muscles in your face
- Hypertension Medications Classes - - - ACE Inhibitors (PRIL)
- Diuretics
- Beta Blockers (LOL)
- Calcium Channel Blockers (PINE)
- ACE inhibitors (General Info) - - - Peaks with 7 hours
- H/L around 12 hours
- Not changed by food
- Excreted by kidneys
- ACE Inhibitor Drug Interactions - - - Potassium
- Lithium
- NSAIDS
- ACE Inhibitor Side Effects/Adverse Reactions - - - Skin rash
- loss of taste
- chronic dry, hacking cough
, - Kidney Damage (Rare)
- Angioedema (Rare)
- Beta Blockers (General) - - - Onset in 15 minutes
- peak 90 min
- food increases bioavailability
- Blocks beta 1 and at high doses beta 2
- Slow AV conduction and cardiac output
- Common Beta Blockers - - - Acebutolol (Sectral)
- Atenolol (Tenormin)
- Bisoprolol (Zebeta)
- Metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol- XL)
- Nadolol (Corgard)
- Propranolol (Inderal LA, InnoPran XL)
- How Beta Blockers Work - - - Blocks the effects of the hormone
epinephrine (adrenaline)
- lower heart rate and BP by opening up the blood vessels
- Beta Blocker Side Effects - - - Fatigue
- Cold hands
- headache
- Upset stomach
- Constipation
- Diarrhea
- Dizziness
- Beta Blocker Contraindication - - - initial low heart rate
- asthma
- severe cardiac failure
- Medication interactions
- Thiazides (Diuretiics)- General - - - 1st line for hypertension
- inhibits tubular reabsorption of sodium and chloride ions
- action in the ascending loop of hence and early distal tube
- being 2 hours after oral admin
- peaks 4-6 hours, up to 12
- excreted through urine
- Thiazides Drug Interactions - - - lithium
- NSAIDS
- Hypoglycemic agents
- corticosteroids
- Thiazides Side Effects - - - Lightheadedness
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