NYS EMT Exam Question With Verified
Answers
Emphysema - answerA disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli; common of
COPD
appears as - tripodding, barrel chest, pursed lips, increased residual volume
acute coronary syndrome - answersudden symptoms of insufficient blood suppl...
Emphysema - answer✔A disease that progressively destroys the walls of the alveoli; common of
COPD
appears as - tripodding, barrel chest, pursed lips, increased residual volume
acute coronary syndrome - answer✔sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart
indicating unstable angina or acute myocardial infarction
pneumothorax - answer✔air or gas in the pleural cavity
atelectasis - answer✔collapse of the alveolar air spaces of the lungs
COPD - answer✔a lung disease characterized by chronic obstruction of lung airflow that
interferes with normal breathing and is not fully reversible
hypoxic drive - answer✔a "backup system" to control respiration; senses drops in the oxygen
level in the blood.
diphtheria - answer✔An infectious disease in which a membrane forms, lining the pharynx; this
lining can severely obstruct the passage of air into the larynx.
S/S: difficulty breathing/ swallowing, sore throat, thick, gray buildup in throat or nose, fever
croup - answer✔caused by inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea; often
secondary to an acute viral infection of the upper respiratory tract and is typically seen in
children between the ages of 6 mnths and 3 yrs
S/S: seal-bark cough
Treatment: humidified oxygen
epiglottitis - answer✔inflammation of the epiglottis; bacterial infection is the most common
cause
S/S: drooling, sore throat, high fever, tripod position
pulmonary edema - answer✔A buildup of fluid in the lungs, usually as a result of congestive
heart failure.
high BP and low cardiac output often trigger it
S/S: dyspnea, rapid/ shallow respirations, frothy pink sputum (severe)
pleural effusion (PE) - answer✔fluid outside the lung on one or both sides of the chest;
compressing the lung(s)
S/S: dyspnea, decreased breath sounds
pulmonary embolism - answer✔a blood clot formed in the vein
S/S: dyspnea, cyanosis (severe), tachycardia, acute chest pain, hemoptysis, tachypnea
paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea - answer✔severe shortness of breath, especially at night after
several hours of reclining; the person is forced to sit up to breathe
ventricle - answer✔lower chamber, pumps blood out of the heart
how blood moves through the heart - answer✔blood from the vena cava enters the right atrium
(deoxygenated)
fills the right ventricle
blood flows into the pulmonary artery
into the lungs to become oxygenated
blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary vein
blood enters the left atrium
passes into the left ventricle
left ventricle pumps blood into the aorta
autonomic nervous system - answer✔part of the brain that controls the functions of the body that
do not require conscious thought
consists of: sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system
I.E. heartbeat, respirations, digestion of food, dilation and constriction of blood vessels
sympathetic nervous system - answer✔fight or flight system and makes adjustments to the body
to compensate for increased physical activity
I.E. speeds up HR, increases RR and depth, dilates blood vessels in the muscles, and constricts
blood vessels in the digestive system
parasympathetic nervous system - answer✔opposite of sympathetic nervous system; slows the
body down
I.E. slows HR and RR, constricts blood vessels in the muscles and dilates blood vessels in the
digestive system
ischemia - answer✔decreased blood flow (generally caused by a blood clot)
occlusion - answer✔blockage
lumen - answer✔inside diameter of the artery
atherosclerosis - answer✔a disorder in which calcium and fatty material called cholesterol build
up and form plaque inside the walls of blood vessels, obstructing flow and interfering with their
ability to dilate or contract
thromboembolism - answer✔a blood clot that is floating through blood vessels until it reaches an
area too narrow for it to pass, causing it to stop and block the blood flow at that point
acute myocardial infraction (AMI) - answer✔occurs when blood flow to the heart muscle is
abruptly cut off, causing tissue damage. usually the result of a blockage in one or more of the
coronary arteries.
heart attack
angina pectoris - answer✔occurs when the heart's need for oxygen exceeds its supply
i.e. heart tissues are not getting enough oxygen
congestive heart failure (CHF) - answer✔failure of the heart occurs when the ventricular
myocardium is so profoundly damaged that it can no longer keep up with the return flow of
blood to the atria
can occur any time after myocardial infraction, in the setting of heart valve damage, or as a
consequence of long-standing high BP
dependent edema - answer✔the collection of fluid in the part of the body that is closest to the
ground
aortic aneurysm - answer✔a weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to
rupture.
dissecting aneurysm - answer✔occurs when inner layers of the aorta become separated, allowing
blood to flow between the layers
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