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Test Bank for Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition (Rogers, 2023), Chapter 1-49 + NCLEX Case Studies with answers | All Chapters A+ $17.99
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Test Bank for Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition (Rogers, 2023), Chapter 1-49 + NCLEX Case Studies with answers | All Chapters A+

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Test Bank for Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in Adults and Children, 9th Edition (Rogers, 2023), Chapter 1-49 + NCLEX Case Studies with answers | All Chapters A+ ..

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  • October 2, 2024
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  • pathophysiology
  • the biologic basis for
  • disease in adults
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Created By: Irfan Ali


Test Bank for Pathophysiology: The Biologic Basis for Disease in

Adults and Children, 9th Edition (Rogers, 2023), Chapter 1-49 +

NCLEX Case Studies with answers | All Chapters A+

Chapter 1: Cellular Biology

MULTIPLE CHOICES:



1. Which statement best describes the cellular function of metabolic absorption?

a. Cells can produce proteins. c. Cells can take in and use nutrients.

b. Cells can secrete digestive enzymes. d. Cells can synthesize fats.

ANS: C

In metabolic absorption, all cells take in and use nutrients and other substances from their

surroundings. The remaining options are not inclusive in their descriptions of cellular metabolic

absorption.



PTS: 1 REF: Page 2



2. Most of a cell’s genetic information, including RNA and DNA, is contained in the:

a. Mitochondria c. Nucleolus

b. Ribosome d. Lysosome

ANS: C




1

,Created By: Irfan Ali


The nucleus contains the nucleolus, a small dense structure composed largely of RNA, most of

the cellular DNA, and the DNA-binding proteins, such as the histones, which regulate its

activity. The other options do not contain most of a cell’s genetic information.



PTS: 1 REF: Page 2



3. Whichcomponent of the cell prodNuUceRsSIhNyGd Tr oBg.CenO Mp eroxide (H2O2)

byusing oxygento remove hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction?

a. Lysosomes c. Ribosomes

b. Peroxisomes d. Oxyhydrosomes

ANS: B

Peroxisomes are so named because they usually contain enzymes that use oxygen to remove

hydrogen atoms from specific substrates in an oxidative reaction that produces H2O2, which is a

powerful oxidant and potentially destructive if it accumulates or escapes from peroxisomes.

Ribosomes are RNA-protein complexes (nucleoproteins) that are synthesized in the nucleolus

and secreted into the cytoplasm through pores in the nuclear envelope called nuclear pore

complexes. Lysosomes are saclike structures that originate from the Golgi complex and contain

more than 40 digestive enzymes called hydrolases, which catalyze bonds in proteins, lipids,

nucleic acids, and carbohydrates. Oxyhydrosomes are involved in enzyme production.



PTS: 1 REF: Page 8




2

,Created By: Irfan Ali


4. Which cell component is capable of cellular autodigestion when it is released during cell

injury?

a. Ribosome c. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

b. Golgi complex d. Lysosomes ANS: D



The lysosomal membrane acts as a protective shield between the powerful digestive enzymes

within the lysosome and the cytoplasm, preventing their leakage into the cytoplasmic matrix.

Disruption of the membrane by various treatments or cellular injury leads to a release of the

lysosomal enzymes, which can then react with their specific substrates, causing cellular self-

digestion. The other options do not correctly describe this process.



PTS: 1 REF: Pages 7-8



5. What is the sequence of steps in the development of a digestive enzyme by the pancreas

cells from the initial transcription to the release from the cell?

a. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome

for synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane.

b. The enzyme is transcribed from RNA by DNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the lysosome

for synthesis, and is transported in an encapsulated membrane to the cell membrane.

c. The enzyme is transcribed by the mitochondria in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome

for synthesis, and is transported in a cytoskeleton to the cell membrane.

d. The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the Golgi

complex for synthesis, and is transported in a cytosol to the cell membrane.


3

, Created By: Irfan Ali


ANS: A

The enzyme is transcribed from DNA by RNA in the nucleus, proceeds to the ribosome for

synthesis, and is transported in a secretory vesicle to the cell membrane. The other options do not

correctly describe this process.

NURSINGTB.COM

PTS: 1 REF: Page 7 | Figure 1-5



6. During which phase of the cell cycle is DNA synthesized?

a. G1 c. G2

b. S d. M

ANS: B

The four designated phases of the cell cycle are: (1) the G1 phase (G = gap), which is the period

between the M phase (M = mitosis) and the start of DNA synthesis; (2) the S phase (S =

synthesis), during which DNA is synthesized in the cell nucleus; (3) the G2 phase, during which

RNA and protein synthesis occurs, the period between the completion of DNA synthesis and the

next phase (M); and (4) the M phase, which includes nuclear and cytoplasmic division.



PTS: 1 REF: Page 37



7. What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as

receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps?

a. Lipids c. Proteins

b. Proteases d. Carbohydrates


4

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