FAD 3220 Test 3 Questions and
Complete Solutions
Middle Adulthood: age ✅Defined as between ages of 40 and 65 years old.
new phase of adulthood
Middle Adulthood: aspects of aging ✅Gradual changes of the body become noticeable
aspects of aging.
wrinkling, muscle tone, hair color can make middle adulthood harder
Signs of aging can be more difficult for those who tie their self-image and self-esteem to
physical attributes, such as strength, athleticism, or physical attractiveness.
Middle Adulthood: physical changes ✅-around age 55+, a loss of height may occur as
the bones attached the the spinal column become less dense
-body fat tends to increase in middle adulthood
-strength gradually decreases, particularly in back and leg muscles
-regular exercise can help adults counteract increases in body fat and decreases in
strength
Middle Adulthood: physical changes: women ✅women average a loss of 2 inches and
men lose 1 inch over the life span
Middle Adulthood: physical changes: men ✅women more prone to a decline because
of osteoporosis (losing density in bones-lower calcium and vitamin D in diet,don't
participate in strength training)
Middle Adulthood: physical changes: Use it or lose it principal ✅more you engage,
more you can combat changes of aging
Middle Adulthood: ✅-Most pronounced changes occur in vision and hearing
Middle Adulthood: Presbyopia ✅-age-related vision loss in near vision (close vision)
-lens changes and elasticity deteriorates, which makes it hard to focus images sharply
onto the retina
-often reading glasses can correct this
Middle Adulthood: Glaucoma ✅-a condition in which pressure in the fluid of the eye
increases, either because the fluid cannot drain properly or because too much fluid is
produced
-can cause tunnel vision, lead to blindness, affect peripheral vision
Middle Adulthood: Presbycusis ✅-gradual, age-related hearing loss
-normally limited to higher pitch sounds used in speech
,-proceeds quicker in males than females
-compensate by listening to things louder, asking to speak louder
Middle Adulthood: Presbycusis: Sound Localization ✅-People with hearing loss may
also have trouble identifying the direction and origin of a sound
EX: An example of sound localization is when you are driving and hear an ambulance
siren. You want to determine if it is coming near you so you can stop your vehicle if it
needs to pass you. Using your auditory perceptions you can determine what direction
the siren is coming from and that it is growing fainter.
Middle Adulthood: Sexual/Reproductive Issues ✅Sexual enjoyment and activity
continues throughout adult life
Middle Adulthood: Sexual/Reproductive Issues: Female Climacteric ✅the period that
marks the transition from being able to bear children to being unable to do so/signaled
by menopause
Middle Adulthood: Sexual/Reproductive Issues: Female Climacteric: Menopause ✅-
cessation of menstruation and of ability to bear children (45-55).
-symptoms: hot flashes, changes in sexual desire, depression, moodiness, tension
Middle Adulthood: Sexual/Reproductive Issues: Female Climacteric: Hormone Therapy
✅-estrogen and progesterone are administered
-at risk for cancer so doctors advised for more natural methods (antidepressants)
-used to help counteract the effects of menopause
Middle Adulthood: Sexual/Reproductive Issues: Male Climacteric: ✅-the period of
physical and psychological change relating to the male reproductive system in late
middle age
-declines in testosterone levels, lower sperm count, enlarged prostate( frequent
urination), erectile dysfunction
Middle Adulthood: Physical Health ✅most middle-aged adults report that they are
healthy, and suffer fewer common diseases (allergies, respiratory diseases, infections)
than younger adults
Middle Adulthood: Physical Health: Common health problems ✅-Hypertension: high -
blood pressure
-cancer
-heart disease
-diabetes
-arthritis
-people probably won't die from hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes during middle
adulthood, but can lead to it in later adulthood
, Middle Adulthood: Physical Health: Diseases ✅heart disease and cancer are most
common
Middle Adulthood: Physical Health: Diseases: Genetic and environmental components
for heart disease ✅-men are more likely to suffer from heart disease
-risk rises with age
-cigarette smoking, a diet high in fats and cholesterol, lack of physical exercise all
increase risk
-stress (perceived and experienced) is a risk factor
-psychological factors like personality type (Type A vs. Type B)
Middle Adulthood: Physical Health: Diseases:Genetic and environmental components
for cancer ✅-poor nutrition, smoking, alcohol use, exposure to sunlight, exposure to
radiation, and particular occupational hazards are all risk factors
-mammograms for breast cancer should start at age 40
Middle Adulthood: Cognitive Development ✅used to believe that cognitive
development and intelligence declined during middle age
-due to fact that they were using traditional intelligence tests to measure intelligence in
young adulthood and middle adulthood
Middle Adulthood: Cognitive Development: cross sectional studies ✅(middle adults are
looked at, at one point in time and compared to young adults at one point in time)
showed that older people scored lower than younger people on intelligence tests
- suffers from cohort effects: influences associated with growing up at a particular
historical time that affect persons of a particular age
-different people, different ages
Middle Adulthood: Cognitive Development: longitudinal studies ✅(looked at same thing
except for instead of comparing middle aged people to different younger people it
compared those people when they were younger then tested them again at multiple
points in their lives- following the same people over time) show that cognitive
functioning stays the same or can even increase through young and middle adulthood
Middle Adulthood: Cognitive Development: longitudinal studies cont. ✅-difficult for
researchers to keep their samples intact
-same people, different ages
Middle Adulthood: Cognitive Development: Cont. ✅-this shows how we measure and
study things can give us a different picture, essentially generally held belief cognitive
function and intelligence can remain same through young adulthood and middle
adulthood
-significant losses may be a sign of individual issue/problems
-alzheimer's, substance abuse, dementia
Complete Solutions
Middle Adulthood: age ✅Defined as between ages of 40 and 65 years old.
new phase of adulthood
Middle Adulthood: aspects of aging ✅Gradual changes of the body become noticeable
aspects of aging.
wrinkling, muscle tone, hair color can make middle adulthood harder
Signs of aging can be more difficult for those who tie their self-image and self-esteem to
physical attributes, such as strength, athleticism, or physical attractiveness.
Middle Adulthood: physical changes ✅-around age 55+, a loss of height may occur as
the bones attached the the spinal column become less dense
-body fat tends to increase in middle adulthood
-strength gradually decreases, particularly in back and leg muscles
-regular exercise can help adults counteract increases in body fat and decreases in
strength
Middle Adulthood: physical changes: women ✅women average a loss of 2 inches and
men lose 1 inch over the life span
Middle Adulthood: physical changes: men ✅women more prone to a decline because
of osteoporosis (losing density in bones-lower calcium and vitamin D in diet,don't
participate in strength training)
Middle Adulthood: physical changes: Use it or lose it principal ✅more you engage,
more you can combat changes of aging
Middle Adulthood: ✅-Most pronounced changes occur in vision and hearing
Middle Adulthood: Presbyopia ✅-age-related vision loss in near vision (close vision)
-lens changes and elasticity deteriorates, which makes it hard to focus images sharply
onto the retina
-often reading glasses can correct this
Middle Adulthood: Glaucoma ✅-a condition in which pressure in the fluid of the eye
increases, either because the fluid cannot drain properly or because too much fluid is
produced
-can cause tunnel vision, lead to blindness, affect peripheral vision
Middle Adulthood: Presbycusis ✅-gradual, age-related hearing loss
-normally limited to higher pitch sounds used in speech
,-proceeds quicker in males than females
-compensate by listening to things louder, asking to speak louder
Middle Adulthood: Presbycusis: Sound Localization ✅-People with hearing loss may
also have trouble identifying the direction and origin of a sound
EX: An example of sound localization is when you are driving and hear an ambulance
siren. You want to determine if it is coming near you so you can stop your vehicle if it
needs to pass you. Using your auditory perceptions you can determine what direction
the siren is coming from and that it is growing fainter.
Middle Adulthood: Sexual/Reproductive Issues ✅Sexual enjoyment and activity
continues throughout adult life
Middle Adulthood: Sexual/Reproductive Issues: Female Climacteric ✅the period that
marks the transition from being able to bear children to being unable to do so/signaled
by menopause
Middle Adulthood: Sexual/Reproductive Issues: Female Climacteric: Menopause ✅-
cessation of menstruation and of ability to bear children (45-55).
-symptoms: hot flashes, changes in sexual desire, depression, moodiness, tension
Middle Adulthood: Sexual/Reproductive Issues: Female Climacteric: Hormone Therapy
✅-estrogen and progesterone are administered
-at risk for cancer so doctors advised for more natural methods (antidepressants)
-used to help counteract the effects of menopause
Middle Adulthood: Sexual/Reproductive Issues: Male Climacteric: ✅-the period of
physical and psychological change relating to the male reproductive system in late
middle age
-declines in testosterone levels, lower sperm count, enlarged prostate( frequent
urination), erectile dysfunction
Middle Adulthood: Physical Health ✅most middle-aged adults report that they are
healthy, and suffer fewer common diseases (allergies, respiratory diseases, infections)
than younger adults
Middle Adulthood: Physical Health: Common health problems ✅-Hypertension: high -
blood pressure
-cancer
-heart disease
-diabetes
-arthritis
-people probably won't die from hypertension, heart disease, or diabetes during middle
adulthood, but can lead to it in later adulthood
, Middle Adulthood: Physical Health: Diseases ✅heart disease and cancer are most
common
Middle Adulthood: Physical Health: Diseases: Genetic and environmental components
for heart disease ✅-men are more likely to suffer from heart disease
-risk rises with age
-cigarette smoking, a diet high in fats and cholesterol, lack of physical exercise all
increase risk
-stress (perceived and experienced) is a risk factor
-psychological factors like personality type (Type A vs. Type B)
Middle Adulthood: Physical Health: Diseases:Genetic and environmental components
for cancer ✅-poor nutrition, smoking, alcohol use, exposure to sunlight, exposure to
radiation, and particular occupational hazards are all risk factors
-mammograms for breast cancer should start at age 40
Middle Adulthood: Cognitive Development ✅used to believe that cognitive
development and intelligence declined during middle age
-due to fact that they were using traditional intelligence tests to measure intelligence in
young adulthood and middle adulthood
Middle Adulthood: Cognitive Development: cross sectional studies ✅(middle adults are
looked at, at one point in time and compared to young adults at one point in time)
showed that older people scored lower than younger people on intelligence tests
- suffers from cohort effects: influences associated with growing up at a particular
historical time that affect persons of a particular age
-different people, different ages
Middle Adulthood: Cognitive Development: longitudinal studies ✅(looked at same thing
except for instead of comparing middle aged people to different younger people it
compared those people when they were younger then tested them again at multiple
points in their lives- following the same people over time) show that cognitive
functioning stays the same or can even increase through young and middle adulthood
Middle Adulthood: Cognitive Development: longitudinal studies cont. ✅-difficult for
researchers to keep their samples intact
-same people, different ages
Middle Adulthood: Cognitive Development: Cont. ✅-this shows how we measure and
study things can give us a different picture, essentially generally held belief cognitive
function and intelligence can remain same through young adulthood and middle
adulthood
-significant losses may be a sign of individual issue/problems
-alzheimer's, substance abuse, dementia
