FAD 3220 Chapter 3 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
FAD 3220
Institution
FAD 3220
First year Height & Weight -Greatest increase in height and weight occurs during the _______ _________ of life.
One-quarter Decreasing Proportions -At birth, the head represents ______ ___________ of the neonate's body.
Same rate Head •Not all parts of an infant's body grow at the ______ ______...
FAD 3220 Chapter 3 Practice Questions
and Correct Answers
First year ✅Height & Weight
-Greatest increase in height and weight occurs during the _______ _________ of life.
One-quarter ✅Decreasing Proportions
-At birth, the head represents ______ ___________ of the neonate's body.
Same rate
Head ✅•Not all parts of an infant's body grow at the ______ ________.
•At birth the _________ accounts for one-quarter of the newborn's entire body size.
One-fifth
One-eighth ✅•At birth the head accounts for one-quarter of the newborn's entire body
size.
•During the first 2 years of life, the rest of the body begins to catch up.
•By the age of 2 the baby's head is only ___________ of body length, and by adulthood
it is only _____________.
Cephalocaudal principle
Proximodistal principle ✅Principles of Growth
•________ ___________
-Growth begins from head and upper body.
•________ __________
-Growth begins and center of body outward.
Cephalocaudal principle ✅•________ ___________ states that growth follows a
direction and pattern that begins with the head and upper body parts and then proceeds
to the rest of the body.
-We develop visual abilities (located in the head) well before we master the ability to
walk (closer to the end of the body)
Proximodistal principle ✅•_______ ___________ states that development proceeds
from the center of the body outward. See Table 3.1.
•The trunk of the body grows before the extremities (8 week ultrasound: trunk, but
fingers and toes were not yet developed)
Principle of hierarchical integration ✅•_______ __________ __________ states that
simple skills typically develop separately and independently. Later these simple skills
are integrated into more complex ones.
,Principle of the independence of systems ✅•_________ __________ _____________,
which suggests that different body systems grow at different rates.
Neurons ✅•Like all cells in the body, __________ have a cell body containing a
nucleus.
•But unlike other cells, _________ have a distinctive ability: They can communicate with
other cells, using a cluster of fibers called dendrites at one end.
Dendrites ✅•____________ receive messages from other cells.
Axon ✅•At their opposite end, neurons have a long extension called an ___________,
the part of the neuron that carries messages destined for other neurons.
Neurotransmitters ✅•Neurons do not actually touch one another. Rather, they
communicate with other neurons by means of chemical messengers,
__________________, that travel across the small gaps, known as synapses, between
neurons.
Additional neurons ✅How great brains grow!
•Birth: Neurons multiply at an amazing rate prior to birth. At some points in prenatal
development, cell division creates some 250,000 ________ _________ every minute.
Neural connections ✅How great brains grow!
•By year 2: The intricacy of ________ ___________ continues to increase throughout
life. In fact, in adulthood a single neuron is likely to have a minimum of 5,000
connections to other neurons or other body parts.
Few ✅How great brains grow!
-Birth:
--100-200 billion neurons
--Relatively _________ neuron-neuron connections
New connections ✅How great brains grow!
-During first two years:
--Billions of _______ ________ established and become more complex
Increasingly complex and interconnected. ✅Over the first 2 years of life, networks of
neurons become _______ ______ and ___________
Synaptic pruning ✅•_______ __________
•Involves elimination of unused neurons
•Allows established neurons to build more elaborate communication networks with other
neurons
Myelin ✅•___________
, •Includes fatty substance that provides protection and speeds transmission of nerve
impulses
Synaptic pruning ✅•_______ __________: elimination of unused neurons that allows
established neurons to build more elaborate communication networks with other
neurons. Unlike most other aspects of growth, then, the development of the nervous
system proceeds most effectively through the loss of cells.
Unnecessary
Die out ✅•Neurons that do not become interconnected with other neurons as the
infant's experience of the world increases become _____________.
•They eventually ________ _______, increasing the efficiency of the nervous system.
Myelin ✅•_________: Axons of neurons become coated with __________, a fatty
substance that, like the insulation on an electric wire, provides protection and speeds
the transmission of nerve impulses.
•Contributes to increased weight of brain
Increasing size
Triples ✅•Even though many neurons are lost, the ________ _________ and
complexity of the remaining ones contribute to impressive brain growth.
•A baby's brain __________ its weight during his or her first 2 years of life, and it
reaches more than three-quarters of its adult weight and size by the age of 2.
Caretaker shaking. ✅Shaken Baby
-This CAT scan shows severe brain injury in an infant suspected of being abused by
_______ _______.
Wake
Sleep
Eat
Defecate ✅What do babies do all day?
-life cycles of infancy
•__________->
•__________->
•__________->
•___________
•These most basic activities are controlled by a variety of bodily systems.
Harmony ✅Although each of these individual behavioral patterns probably is
functioning quite effectively, it takes some time and effort for infants to integrate the
separate behaviors. In fact, one of the neonate's major missions is to make its individual
behaviors work in___________ , helping it, for example, to sleep through the night.
Major state ✅Sleep
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