Test Bank For Animal Physiology 5th Edition by Richard
W. Hill, Margaret Anderson & Daniel Cavanaugh
3 Physiological processes involved with respiration? - ANSWER >>1) Gas
being used.
2) solubility of the gas.
3) Physics of diffusion.
Dalton's law of partial pressure - ANSWER >>P(t)= P(1)+P(2)+P(3)
Diffusion of gasses - ANSWER >>Heavier gasses diffuse more slowly than
light gasses. (rate of diffusion is inversely proportional to the square root of its
molecular weight.)
Factors that determine the solubility of gasses in water? (4) - ANSWER >>1)
Nature of the gas.
2) pressure (increase of pressure= increased solubility)
3) Temperature (increased temp. = decreased solubility)
4) Presence of solutes (solutes reduce solubility of gas)
types of respiration - ANSWER >>1) cutaneous respiration (Plethodon and
salamanders)
2) butt breathing ( some turtles breath through their cloaca).
3) Respiratory surfaces (gills/ lungs)
Types of lungs - ANSWER >>1) Diffusion
2) Ventilation
,Diffusion Lungs - ANSWER >>1) No muscular ventilation
2) Very small animals (snails ect.)
ventilation lungs - ANSWER >>Gas exchange may take place via:
1) unidirectional flow (Birds, fish, croccodile's etc.)
2) Tidal flow (Amphibians, reptiles, mammals, etc.)
How pressure pump lungs work - ANSWER >>1) Decrease pressure by
lowering floor of buccal cavity- air enters through nares or mouth.
2) Increase pressure by raising floor of buccal cavity and closing mouth and
nares- air enters lungs.
3) Close glottis and let air sit in lungs for gas diffusion.
4) Open glottis and let air escape from mouth or nares by elastic recoil and
contraction of muscles.
Suction lung - ANSWER >>lungs inflate with the movement of a muscle ->
tidal flow.
Types of suction lungs - ANSWER >>1) Kangaroos breathe while hopping
2) Lizards- no diaphragm- rib cage produces negative pressure to fill lungs.
3) Crocs- crocs use liver as diaphragm.- lungs have many small cavities.
4) turtles- use abdominal muscles and limbs
Mammalian lungs - ANSWER >>1) tidal movement or air
2) Increase SA
, 3) gas exchange at the alveoli.
Trachea -> bronchi -> bronchiole -> terminal bronchiole -> alveoli.
Control of breathing - ANSWER >>1) ventilation is adjusted to need for O2
2) signal is increasing concentration of CO2 and H+.
3) chemoreceptors
4) increased ventilation
As respiratory size increases what happens to the body size? -
ANSWER >>body size increases
Bird lungs - ANSWER >>1) compact and dense
2) lungs connect with the air sac
3) Air sacs ramify into bones (pneumatic bones)
4) 2 bronchi -> through lung -> abdominal sacs
5) air sacs act as bellows
6) gas exchange occurs in parabronchi.
Bird breathing - ANSWER >>1) Lungs filled by lowering and swinging forward
the sternum which lowers pressure in the chest.
2) no valves present to direct air, lung passages create appropriate
aerodynamic conditions to direct air.
3) unidirectional airflow.
Breathing in air VS. water - ANSWER >>1) Air = tidal and unidirectional flow
2) Water = unidirectional
O2 is a lot more plentiful (easier to extract) in air than in water.
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