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NURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines + Practice Questions With 100% SURE ANSWERS
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JACKLINENURS 5315 UTA Exam 3 Skeletal Outlines + Practice
Questions With 100% SURE ANSWERS
Terms in this set (141)
Superior vena cava to inferior vena cave. Blood then
enters the right atrium and passes through the tricuspid
valve to the right ventricle. The right ventricle pumps the
blood to the lungs through the pulmonary valve to the
How does blood flow through the heart
pulmonary arteries where it becomes oxygenated. The
chambers/valves?
oxygenated blood is brought back to the heart by the
pulmonary veins which enter the left atrium. From the left
atrium blood flows through the bicuspid (mitral) valve into
the left ventricle.
a. ) Left coronary artery
i.) Left anterior descending artery:widow maker
LV and RV, intraventricular septum
Which coronary arteries provide blood to which
ii. ) Circumflex: LA and left lateral wall of LV.
part of the heart?
b. ) Right coronary artery
RV, intraventricular sulcus and small vessels of the RV and LV
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, Pressure difference between two ends of a vessel
Resistance: r/t diameter of a vessel
What factors contribute to blood flow in a vessel?
Viscosity (n) of the blood
Length (l) of the vessel
Q=blood flow
QP= blood flow to the lungs (pulmonary) : QS= blood flow to the body (systemic)
i ) Vascular resistance =measures in woods units
ii) Pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR)
1. ) <8 weeks of age: 8-10 woods units/m2
2. ) >8 weeks of age: 1-3 woods units/m2
iii) Systemic vascular resistance
What does QP: QS mean and what factors alter a 1. ) Infant 10-15 woods units/m2
normal ratio? 2.) 1-2 years old: 15-20 woods units/m2
3.) Child to adult: 15-30 woods units/m2
a) Factors affecting resistance
i.) Compliance-ease that blood travels through the arteries
1. Constriction and relaxation of smooth muscle of arteries and arterioles
a. ) Sympathetic nervous system
b.) Local tissue metabolism
c.) Hormone responses
d.) Changes in chemical environment
At rest, active sites on actin are blocked by troponin and tropomyosin complexes. During action
potential, troponin C binds with calcium and moves the complexes off the actin active site. Actin
and myosin interact (contract).
Explain the process of cardiac contraction and
relaxation.
"Walk-along" theory:
Head of myosin cross-bridge attached to the actin filament at the active site.
What are the roles of actin, myosin, and troponin
Intra molecular forces cause the myosin head to tilt forward on a flexible hinge and drag the actin
in this process?
filament with it (power stroke)
Myosin head breaks away and interacts with the next actin active site.
Z disc pulls filaments together at the sarcomeres= muscle contraction.
Stronger Alpha 1 than Alpha 2. Works on both, equally strong on Beta 1 (renin release), and Beta 2.
What is the effect of Epinephrine on the
Positive inotrope. Increases heart rate, smooth muscle contraction, myocardial contractility,
cardiovascular system?
coronary flow, increase systolic blood pressure, mild increase in diastolic blood pressure.
Slightly stronger Alpha 2 than Alpha 1. Some effect on Beta 1, none on Beta 2. Strong
What is the effect of Norepinephrine on the
vasoconstriction (smooth muscle contraction). Increase coronary flow, increase systolic and
cardiovascular system?
some diastolic BP.
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, 10/3/24, 8:36 AM
What is the effect of Dopamine on the Positive inotrope. Increases HR, increases BP (vasoconstriction) Alpha 1, 2, beta 1 and dopamine
cardiovascular system? receptors)
0- Depolarization
1- Early repolarization
Rapid sodium entering the cell
What is the process of generating a cardiac action 2. Plateau (repolarization)
potential? Slow sodium and calcium enters the cell
What electrolytes are involved? 3. Potassium moves out of the cells
4. Return to resting potential
Sodium, Calcium, Potassium
What is the conduction pathway? SA Node, AV Node, Bundle of His, Right & Left Bundle Branches, Perkinje Fibers
P-wave: spread of depolarization through the atria
followed by atrial contraction.
P-R interval: pause in conduction at the A-V node
How does conduction correlate with the EKG and
QRS complex: Depolarization of the ventricle, followed by
activity in the heart?
ventricular contraction
T wave: depolarization of the ventricles, happens just
before the end of ventricular contraction
Define preload. Volume of blood returning to the heart from systemic circulations. RA pressure or CVP
Define afterload. Systemic pressure=the pressure the heart must pump against to circulate blood=MAP
Define stroke volume. Amount of blood ejected with each contraction of the heart
Define end-diastolic volume. Amount of blood in the heart after filling, before systole (end of diastole)
Define end-systolic volume. Amount of blood that remains in the heart after systole
Define ejection faction. Percentage of blood in the chamber that is ejected with each systole
Define cardiac output. Amount of blood pumped into the aorta each minute
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