a
Test Bank For
a a a
a Mason Policy & Politics in Nursing and Health Care, 8th Edition
a a a a a a a a a a a
a a
Chapter 01: Introduction
a a a
MULTIPLEaCHOICEa
a
1.aWhichaofatheafollowingaisaanaexampleaofatertiaryaprevention?a
a
a. Vaccinationaforarotavirusaforachildrenayoungerathanatheaageaofa1ayeara
b. Surgicalaamputationaofaanaextremityawithaosteosarcomaa(boneacancer)a
c. Screeningaforagestationaladiabetesaaftera24aweeksaofapregnancya
d. Sexualaeducationaprogramainaelementaryaschoolsa
e. Increasingataxesaforabuyingacigarettesa
a
ANS:aBa
a
Surgicalaamputationaofaanaextremityawithaosteosarcomaa(boneacancer)aisaanaexampleainawhicha
whenaaadiseaseaisapresentatheatreatmenta(amputation)aisadoneatoareduceatheaimpactaofadiseaseaby
apreventingatheatumorafromadissemination.aVaccinationaforarotavirusaforachildrena youngerathana
theaageaofa1ayear,asexualaeducationaprogramainaelementaryaschools,aandaincreasingataxesaforabu
yingacigarettesarepresentaexamplesaofaprimaryaprevention.aScreeningaforagestationaladiabetesaaf
tera24aweeksaofapregnancyaisaanaexampleaofasecondaryaprevention.a
a
2.aThisahistoricacharacteraobservedathatachildbedafeveramortalityawasamoreacommonaamongawo
menatreatedabyaphysiciansaandamedicalastudentsacomparedawithawomenatreatedabyamidwives.a
Basedaonahisaobservations,aheaimplementedaaahandawashapolicyathataresultedainaaadecreaseainam
ortality.aNameatheacharacterathataweaareatalkingaabout.a
a
a. JohnaSnowa
b. EdwardaJennera
c. D.A.aHendersona
d. LeonaGordisa
e. IgnazaSemmelweisa
a
ANS:aEa
a
IgnazaSemmelweisaidentifiedathatamedicalastudentsaandaphysiciansatransmittedatheadiseaseabyan
otawashingatheirahandsaafteraexaminingabodiesaataautopsiesaandaconductingamultipleaexaminati
onsainatheaclinic.a
a
3.aThanksatoatheacontributionsaofaEdwardaJenner,atheafollowingadiseaseawasaeradicatedalaterabya
effortsaorganizedabyaD.A.aHenderson:a
a
a. Choleraa
b. Smallpoxa
c. Chickenpoxa
d. Polioa
e. Zikaa
a
,TestaBanka 1-2a
a
ANS:aBa
a
Smallpoxawasaeradicatedaina1980.aEdwardaJenneravaccinatedaJamesaPhippsaina1796aagainstasm
allpox.aAlmosta200ayearsalater,atheaWorldaHealthaOrganizationa(WHO)acommissionedaD.A.aHe
ndersonatoaleadatheaeffortsatoaeradicateatheadisease.a
a
4.aOveratheapastacentury,aaamarkedadeclineainatheamortalityaratesaofamanyainfectiousadiseasesaha
sabeenaobserved.aWhichaofatheafollowingaisatheamostalikelyareasonaforatheaobservedadeclineaina
mortalityaratesafromacommonainfectiousadiseases?a
a
a. Developmentaofapenicillina
b. Developmentaofainsulina
c. Developmentaofavaccinesa
d. Improvementainasocialaconditionsa
e. Worseasanitationaandaunsafeawatera
a
ANS:aDa
a
Althoughamedicalatreatmentsapotentiallyahelpedainatheadecreaseaofainfectiousadiseases,atheaadva
ncementainasocialaconditionsaplayedaaamajorarole.aTheseaimprovementsaincludeabetterasanitatio
n,asafeadisposalaofawaste,abetteranutrition,aandaimprovementainahousingaconditions.a
a
a
a
Chaptera02:aTheaDynamicsaofaDiseaseaTransmissiona
a
a
TestaBanka
a
MULTIPLEaCHOICEa
a
1.aWhichatermamostaaccuratelyadescribesatheafollowingadefinition?a“Theaoccurrenceainaaacomm
unityaoraregionaofacasesaofaanaillness,aspecificahealth-
relatedabehavior,aoraotherahealthrelatedaeventsaclearlyainaexcessaofanormalaexpectancy.”a[Portaa
M,aed.aAaDictionaryaofaEpidemiology.aNewaYork:aOxfordaUniversityaPress;a2014.]a
a
a. Endemica
b. Epidemica
c. Pandemica
d. Attackaratea
e. Incubationaperioda
a
ANS:aBa
a
Anaepidemicaisatheaoccurrenceaofahealth-
relatedaeventsainaaacommunityaoraregion,ainaclearaexcessaofanormalaexpectation.aEndemicaisanot
atrueabecauseaitaisadefinedaasatheaconstantaoccurrenceaofaaadisease,adisorder,aoranoxiousainfectio
usaagentainaaageographicaareaaorapopulationagroup.aPandemicaisanotatrueabecauseaitaisadefinedaas
aanaepidemicaoccurringaoveraaaveryawideaarea,acrossingainternationalaboundaries,aandausuallya
affectingaaalargeanumberaofapeople.aAttackarateaisanotatrueabecauseaitaisadefinedaasanumberaofape
opleaatariskainawhomaaacertainaillnessadevelopsaoveratotalanumberaofapeopleaatarisk.aIncubationa
periodaisanotatrueabecauseaitaisatheaintervalafromareceiptaofainfectionatoatheatimeaofaonsetaofaclini
calaillnessa(theaonsetaofarecognizableasymptoms).a
a
2.aWhataisatheamostaaccurateadefinitionaofatheaincubationaperioda(ofaanainfectiousadisease)?a
a
a. Theatimeaofaonsetaofaclinicalaillnessaoratheaonsetaofarecognizableasymptomsa
Copyrighta©a2020abyaElsevier,aInc.aAllarightsareserved.a
,TestaBanka 1-3a
b. Theaintervalafromareceiptaofainfectionatoatheatimeaofaonsetaofaclinicalaillnessa(theaonsetaofarec
ognizableasymptoms)a
c. Theatimeaofainvasionabyaanainfectiousaagenta
d. Theatimeabetweenainitiationaofainfectionaandafirstasheddingaoraexcretionaofatheaagenta
e. Theaperiodabetweenaexposureaandatheaonsetaofainfectiousnessa
a
ANS:aBa
a
Theaincubationaperiodaisadefinedaasatheaintervalafromareceiptaofainfectionatoatheatimeaofaonsetaof
aclinicalaillnessa(theaonsetaofarecognizableasymptoms);ainaotherawords,atheatimeabetweenatheamo
mentaofadevelopingasymptomsaandatheamomentaofainvasionabyaanainfectiousaagent.a“Theatimeao
faonsetaofaclinicalaillnessaoratheaonsetaofarecognizableasymptoms”aisanotatrueaasaitacorrespondsat
oa“timeaofaonset.”a“Theatimeaofainvasionabyaanainfectiousaagent”aisanotatrueaasaitacorrespondsatoa
“timeaofainfection.”a“Theatimeabetweenainitiationaofainfectionaandafirstasheddingaoraexcretionaof
atheaagent”aanda“Theaperiodabetweenaexposureaandatheaonsetaofainfectiousness”aareanotatrueaasat
heyacorrespondatoathealatentaperiod.a(Thealatentaperiodaisafocusingaonatheaonsetaofainfectiousnes
s,abutatheaincubationaperiodaisafocusingaonatheaonsetaofatheasymptom.)a
a
3.aThereawasaaafoodapoisoningaoutbreakaonaAprila1,a2018,aatatheaCityaZaFoodaSafetyaConferenc
e.aThereawerea1,000apeoplearegisteredaforatheaconferenceawithaluncheon,a100avolunteersatoahost
aattendees,aanda50apeopleawhoaservedathealuncheonaduringatheaconference.aExceptafora50apeopl
eawhoaservedatheafood,aallaofatheaparticipantsaandavolunteersaateatheafoodafromathealuncheonaatat
heaconferenceaonaAprila1,a2018.aBasedaonlyaonatheainformationagivenainathisaquestion,ahowama
nyapeopleaareaatariskainathisafoodapoisoningaoutbreak?a
a
a. 1,000a
b. 1,100a
c. 1,150a
d. 150a
e. 50a
a
ANS:aBa
a
Peopleaatariskainathisaoutbreakaareapeopleawhoawereaexposedatoatheafoodaatatheaconference.aEve
nathougha1,150apeopleawereaatatheaconference,a50apeopleawhoaservedatheafoodadidanotaeatatheafo
od.aThereforeaweahaveatoaexcludeathosea50apeople.a
a
4.aThereawasaaafoodapoisoningaoutbreakaonaAprila1,a2018,aatatheaCityaZaFoodaSafetyaConferenc
e.aThereawerea1,000apeoplearegisteredaforatheaconferenceawithaluncheon,a100avolunteersatoahost
aattendees,aanda50apeopleawhoaservedathealuncheonaduringatheaconference.aExceptafora50apeopl
eawhoaservedatheafood,aallaofatheaparticipantsaandavolunteersaateatheafoodafromathealuncheonaatat
heaconferenceaonaAprila1,a2018.aAfteraanainitialaoutbreakaofafoodapoisoningaisareported,aanaepid
emiologistasendsasurveysatoaallapeopleaatariskatoainvestigateatheacause.aHowever,aonlya900apeop
leaamongathoseaatariskaansweratheasurvey.aAfteraanalysisaofa900asurveyaresults,atheaepidemiolog
istaconcludesathatatheamostasuspectedafoodsainatheaoutbreakaareapepperoniapizzaaandameatballas
paghetti.aWhataisatheaoverallaattackarateaforathoseawhoaateameatballaspaghetti?aUseatheafollowin
gatableatoaansweratheaquestion.a
SummaryaofaSurveyaResponsesa
a
Numberaofapeopleawhoa Numberaofapeopleawhoaatea
developedatheacaseadefinitiona
symptomsa
Pepperoniapizzaaonlya 113a 275a
Copyrighta©a2020abyaElsevier,aInc.aAllarightsareserved.a
, TestaBanka 1-4a
Meatballaspaghettiaonlya 62a 375a
57a 150a
Bothapepperoniapizzaaandameatballaspaghettia
10a 100a
Neitheraofapepperoniapizzaaorameatballaspaghettia
a
a. 41%a
b. 38%a
c. 27%a
d. 40%a
e. 23%a
a
ANS:aEa
a
Toacalculateatheafood-
specificaattackarate,aweaneedatoadefineahowamanyapeopleaareaexposedatoatheaspecificafoodaandah
owamanyapeopleadevelopatheasymptomsainatheacaseadefinition.aInathisaquestion,aweaareaaskingaa
bouta“overall”aattackarateainathoseapeopleawhoaateameatballaspaghetti,asoaweahaveatoaadda“meat
ballaspaghettiaonly”aanda“bothapepperoniapizzaaandameatballaspaghetti”atoagetatheaoverallarate.a
Whichaisa525a(375aplusa150),awhoaareaatariskaofaexposure,aanda119a(62aplusa57),awhoadevelope
datheasymptoms,acorrespondingatoa23%aofaattackarate.a
a
5.aThereawasaaafoodapoisoningaoutbreakaonaAprila1,a2018,aatatheaCityaZaFoodaSafetyaConferenc
e.aThereawerea1,000apeoplearegisteredaforatheaconferenceawithaluncheon,a100avolunteersatoahost
aattendees,aanda50apeopleawhoaservedathealuncheonaduringatheaconference.aExceptafora50apeopl
eawhoaservedatheafood,aallaofatheaparticipantsaandavolunteersaateatheafoodafromathealuncheonaatat
heaconferenceaonaAprila1,a2018.aAfteraanainitialaoutbreakaofafoodapoisoningaisareported,aanaepid
emiologistasendsasurveysatoaallapeopleaatariskatoainvestigateatheacause.aHowever,aonlya900apeop
leaamongathoseaatariskaansweratheasurvey.aAfteraanalysisaofa900asurveyaresults,atheaepidemiolog
istaconcludesathatatheamostasuspectedafoodsainatheaoutbreakaareapepperoniapizzaaandameatballas
paghetti.aWhataisatheamostasuspectedafoodaforafoodapoisoningaafteracross-
tabulation?aUseatheafollowingatableatoaansweratheaquestion.a
SummaryaofaSurveyaResponsesa
a Numberaofapeopleawhoa Numberaofapeop
fooda
developedatheacaseadefinitionasymptomsa
Pepperoniapizzaaonlya 113a 275a
Meatballaspaghettiaonlya 62a 375a
57a 150a
Bothapepperoniapizzaaandameatballaspaghettia
10a 100a
Neitheraofapepperoniapizzaaorameatballaspaghettia
a
a. Pepperoniapizzaaonlya
b. Meatballaspaghettiaonlya
Copyrighta©a2020abyaElsevier,aInc.aAllarightsareserved.a
