Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 8th Edition, (2021) David Nelson (Author), Michael Cox (Author) Test Bank
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Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 8th Edition, (2021)
David Nelson (Author), Michael Cox (Author) All Chapters 1-28 | A+ Complete Solutions 2024
8TH EDFITION
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,Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 8th Edition, (2021) David Nelson (Author), Michael Cox (Author) Test Bank
Table of Contents
Preface viii _____________________________________________________________________ 4
Chapter 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry _______________________________________________ 4
I STRUCTURE AND CATALYSIS _____________________________________________________ 30
Chapter 2. Water, the Solvent of Life ____________________________________________________ 30
Chapter 3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins ___________________________________________ 55
Chapter 4. The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins ____________________________________ 86
Chapter 5. Protein Function ___________________________________________________________ 111
Chapter 6. Enzymes _________________________________________________________________ 132
Chapter 7. Carbohydrates and Glycobiology _____________________________________________ 158
Chapter 8. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids ________________________________________________ 183
Chapter 9. DNA-Based Information Technologies _________________________________________ 208
Chapter 10. Lipids ___________________________________________________________________ 230
Chapter 11. Biological Membranes and Transport _________________________________________ 251
Chapter 12. Biochemical Signaling _____________________________________________________ 275
II BIOENERGETICS AND METABOLISM ______________________________________________ 294
Chapter 13. Introduction to Metabolism ________________________________________________ 294
Chapter 14. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway _________________ 319
Chapter 15. The Metabolism of Glycogen in Animals_______________________________________ 342
Chapter 16. The Citric Acid Cycle _______________________________________________________ 364
Chapter 17. Fatty Acid Catabolism _____________________________________________________ 387
Chapter 18. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea ______________________________ 410
Chapter 19. Oxidative Phosphorylation _________________________________________________ 431
Chapter 20. Photosynthesis and Carbohydrate Synthesis in Plants ____________________________ 453
Chapter 21. Lipid Biosynthesis _________________________________________________________ 472
Chapter 22. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules _________________ 492
Chapter 23. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism _________________ 512
III INFORMATION PATHWAYS ____________________________________________________ 532
Chapter 24. Genes and Chromosomes __________________________________________________ 532
Chapter 25. DNA Metabolism _________________________________________________________ 552
Chapter 26. RNA Metabolism _________________________________________________________ 572
Chapter 27. Protein Metabolism _______________________________________________________ 594
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,Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 8th Edition, (2021) David Nelson (Author), Michael Cox (Author) Test Bank
Chapter 28. Regulation of Gene Expression ______________________________________________ 616
ANSWER KEYS FOR EXPLAIN/DESCRIBE QUESTIONS IN ALL CHAPTERS 1-28 _______________ 639
Chapter 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry (Answer Key) Q77-Q110 _________________________________ 639
Chapter 2. Water, the Solvent of Life (Answer Key) Q74- Q93________________________________________ 644
Chapter 3. Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins (Answer Key) Q76-Q113 ______________________________ 650
Chapter 4. The Three-Dimensional Structure of Proteins (Answer Key) Q72- Q101 _______________________ 660
Chapter 5. Protein Function (Answer Key) Q73-Q101 ______________________________________________ 673
Chapter 6. Enzymes (Answer Key) Q68-Q106 _____________________________________________________ 680
Chapter 7. Carbohydrates and Glycobiology (Answer Key) Q81-Q108 _________________________________ 691
Chapter 8. Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids (Answer Key) Q77-Q98) ____________________________________ 697
Chapter 9. DNA-Based Information Technologies (Answer Key) Q78-Q102 _____________________________ 701
Chapter 10. Lipids (Answer Key) Q77-Q102 ______________________________________________________ 708
Chapter 11. Biological Membranes and Transport (Answer Key) Q74-Q105 _____________________________ 714
Chapter 12. Biochemical Signaling (Answer Key) Q67-Q98 __________________________________________ 723
Chapter 13. Introduction to Metabolism (Answer Key) Q79_Q102 ____________________________________ 731
Chapter 14. Glycolysis, Gluconeogenesis, and the Pentose Phosphate Pathway (Answer Key) Q76-Q112) ____ 740
Chapter 15. The Metabolism of Glycogen in Animals (Answer Key) Q76-Q103 __________________________ 746
Chapter 16. The Citric Acid Cycle (Answer Key) Q74-Q105 __________________________________________ 753
Chapter 17. Fatty Acid Catabolism (Answer Key) Q79-Q100 _________________________________________ 761
Chapter 18. Amino Acid Oxidation and the Production of Urea (Answer Key) Q73-Q100 __________________ 766
Chapter 19. Oxidative Phosphorylation (Answer Key) Q71- Q100 _____________________________________ 773
Chapter 20. Photosynthesis and Carbohydrate Synthesis in Plants (Answer Key) Q63-Q97 ________________ 781
Chapter 21. Lipid Biosynthesis (Answer Key) Q71-Q100 ____________________________________________ 789
Chapter 22. Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Nucleotides, and Related Molecules (Answer Key) Q70-Q100 _____ 796
Chapter 23. Hormonal Regulation and Integration of Mammalian Metabolism (Answer Key) Q77-Q101 _____ 803
Chapter 24. Genes and Chromosomes (Answer Key) Q76-Q100 ______________________________________ 808
Chapter 25. DNA Metabolism (Answer Key) Q65-Q101 _____________________________________________ 814
Chapter 26. RNA Metabolism (Answer Key) Q72-Q102 _____________________________________________ 822
Chapter 27. Protein Metabolism (Answer Key) Q65-Q100 ___________________________________________ 829
Chapter 28. Regulation of Gene Expression (Answer Key) Q72-Q100 __________________________________ 839
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,Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 8th Edition, (2021) David Nelson (Author), Michael Cox (Author) Test Bank
Preface viii
Chapter 1. The Foundations of Biochemistry
ALL CHAPTERS HAVE MULTIPLE CHOICE AND EXPLAIN/DESCRIBE QUESTIONS
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In A Bacterial Cell, The DNA Is In The:
A) Cell Envelope.
B) Cell Membrane.
C) Nucleoid. (correct)
D) Nucleus.
E) Ribosomes.
ANS: C
In bacterial cells, DNA is located in the nucleoid region, which is not membrane-bound like a nucleus
in eukaryotic cells. This allows for efficient replication and transcription in a simpler cellular structure.
2. A Major Change Occurring In The Evolution Of Eukaryotes From Prokaryotes Was The
Development Of:
A) DNA.
B) Photosynthetic Capability.
C) Plasma Membranes.
D) Ribosomes.
E) The Nucleus.
ANS: E
The development of the nucleus allowed for the compartmentalization of genetic material, which is a significant
advancement over prokaryotic cells. This compartmentalization supports more complex gene regulation and
cellular processes.
3. In Eukaryotes, The Nucleus Is Enclosed By A Double Membrane Called The:
A) Cell Membrane.
B) Nuclear Envelope.
C) Nucleolus.
D) Nucleoplasm.
E) Nucleosome.
ANS: B
The nuclear envelope consists of two lipid bilayers and is crucial for protecting the genetic material while
regulating transport in and out of the nucleus.
4. The Dimensions Of Living Cells Are Limited, On The Lower End By The Minimum Number
Of Biomolecules Necessary For Function, And On The Upper End By The Rate Of Diffusion
Of Solutes Such As Oxygen. Except For Highly Elongated Cells, They Usually Have Lengths
And Diameters In The Range Of:
A) 0.1 M To 10 M.
B) 0.3 M To 30 M.
C) 0.3 M To 100 M.
D) 1 M To 100 M.
E) 1 M To 300 M.
ANS: C
Most cells, with the exception of highly elongated ones like neurons, typically range from 0.3 to 100
micrometers. This size range allows for adequate surface area-to-volume ratio for nutrient uptake and waste
removal.
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,Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 8th Edition, (2021) David Nelson (Author), Michael Cox (Author) Test Bank
5. Which Group Of Single-Celled Microorganisms Has Many Members Found Growing In
Extreme Environments?
A) Bacteria
B) Archaea
C) Eukaryotes
D) Heterotrophs
E) None Of The Answers Is Correct.
ANS: B
Archaea are well-known for their ability to thrive in extreme environments, such as high salinity,
temperature, and acidity, due to their unique biochemistry and cell structures.
6. The Bacterium E. Coli Requires Simple Organic Molecules For Growth And Energy—It Is
Therefore A:
A) Chemoautotroph.
B) Chemoheterotroph.
C) Lithotroph.
D) Photoautotroph.
E) Photoheterotroph.
ANS: B
E. coli is classified as a chemoheterotroph because it obtains energy from organic compounds and
requires them for growth. This distinguishes it from autotrophs that can synthesize their own food.
7. Which Is A List Of Organelles?
A) Mitochondria, Chromatin, Endoplasmic Reticulum
B) Peroxisomes, Lysosomes, Plasma Membrane
C) Proteasomes, Peroxisomes, Lysosomes
D) Mitochondria, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Peroxisomes
E) All Of The Answers Are Correct.
ANS: D
Option D lists only organelles. The others include non-organelle components (like chromatin and the
plasma membrane), which are not classified as organelles.
8. Which List Has The Cellular Components Arranged In Order Of INCREASING Size?
A) Amino Acid < Protein < Mitochondrion < Ribosome
B) Amino Acid < Protein < Ribosome < Mitochondrion
C) Amino Acid < Ribosome < Protein < Mitochondrion
D) Protein < Amino Acid < Mitochondrion < Ribosome
E) Protein < Ribosome < Mitochondrion < Amino Acid
ANS: B
Option B correctly arranges these components from smallest to largest. Amino acids are the building
blocks of proteins, which are larger, while ribosomes are larger than proteins, and mitochondria are the
largest structures in this list.
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, Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 8th Edition, (2021) David Nelson (Author), Michael Cox (Author) Test Bank
9. The Three-Dimensional Structure Of Macromolecules Is Formed And Maintained Primarily
Through Noncovalent Interactions. Which One Of The Following Is NOT Considered A
Noncovalent Interaction?
A) Carbon-Carbon Bonds
B) Hydrogen Bonds
C) Hydrophobic Interactions
D) Ionic Interactions
E) Van Der Waals Interactions
ANS: A
Carbon-carbon bonds are covalent bonds, which involve the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. In
contrast, hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, and Van der Waals interactions are examples of noncovalent
interactions, which are generally weaker and play crucial roles in the stability of macromolecular structures.
10. Which Element Is NOT Among The Four Most Abundant In Living Organisms?
A) Carbon
B) Hydrogen
C) Nitrogen
D) Oxygen
E) Phosphorus
ANS: E
The four most abundant elements in living organisms are carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and oxygen.
Phosphorus, while important, is less abundant than the other four.
11. The Four Covalent Bonds In Methane (CH4) Are Arranged Around Carbon To Give Which
Geometry?
A) Linear
B) Tetrahedral
C) Trigonal Bipyramidal
D) Trigonal Planar
E) Trigonal Pyramidal
ANS: B
Methane (CH4) exhibits a tetrahedral geometry due to the sp³ hybridization of the carbon atom, which
allows for four equivalent covalent bonds to be formed at approximately 109.5° angles from each
other.
12. What Functional Groups Are Present On This Molecule?
A) Ether And Aldehyde
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