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Biology Cumulative Exam Review Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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Biology Cumulative Exam Review Questions and 100% Correct Answers
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Biology Cumulative Exam Review Questions and100% Correct Answers
How are enzymes named? - ✔✔After their substrate and then ending in "-ase"
What happens to enzymes at extremely cold temperatures? - ✔✔They don't work as well
because the molecules are moving slowly and are less likely to collide and react
Can extremely cold enzymes be saved? - ✔✔Yes, if their solution is heated up to a moderate
temperature
What happens to enzymes at extremely high temperatures? - ✔✔They denature
Can enzymes denaturing be reversed? - ✔✔No
What generally happens to the rate of enzyme catalyze reactions with moderate increases in
temperature? - ✔✔It generally increases because the molecules are moving faster and
therefore are more likely to collide and react
What are the two parts of a lipid? - ✔✔Glycerol and fatty acid
What elements are stored in monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides? -
✔✔Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen (CHO)
What elements are found in triglycerides and lipids? - ✔✔Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and
phosphate (CHOP)
,What elements do proteins/enzymes (amino acids, dipeptides, and polypeptides) have? -
✔✔Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and sometimes phosphate and sulfur (CHON SP)
What elements do nucleus acids have in them? - ✔✔Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen,
and phosphate
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid? - ✔✔Nucleotide
Two monomers joined together in a nucleic acid would be referred to as... - ✔✔A base pair
Three or more monomers joined together in a nucleic acid would be called... - ✔✔Nucleic
acid (DNA or RNA)
What are carbohydrates generally used as? - ✔✔Primary storage molecules
Why is the typical hydrogen to oxygen ratio in a carbohydrate? - ✔✔H:O is 2:1
What are lipids usually used for? - ✔✔Energy storage, hormones, etc. Phospholipids are
used for cell membranes
What are proteins used for? - ✔✔Cell structures, muscle, cartilage, bone, and other
specialized functions
What are enzymes used for? - ✔✔They are the biological catalyst for most chemical
reactions in the body
What are nucleic acids used for? - ✔✔Storing genetic information
Used in protein synthesis
, What are some of the defining characteristics of a cell membrane? - ✔✔It's semi-permeable,
and is made up of two layer of phospholipids, AKA the phospholipid bilayer
What does "semi-permeable" mean? - ✔✔Some molecules can cross the phospholipid
bolster and some can't
In which organisms are cell membranes found in? - ✔✔All cells, even bacteria
What kinda of cells have lipid bilayers (membranes)? - ✔✔Eukaryotes
What is the advantage of having a lipid bilayer? - ✔✔Different chemicals needed for specific
chemical reactions can be kept separate from each other in each organelle, and the right
enzyme can meet the right substrate more easily
What does hydrophobic mean? - ✔✔"Afraid" of water
What does hydrophillic mean? - ✔✔Attracted to water
Are the heads or tails of the lipids facing each other in the phospholipid bilayer? Why? -
✔✔The tails, because they are hydrophobic, so face away from where encountering water
would be most likely.
What does the cell nucleus do? - ✔✔Control center of the cell
Regulates cell activities
Contains DNA
What are cell functions controlled by? Where are the "instructions" to make them found? -
✔✔They are controlled by proteins, whose instructions are found in the nucleus
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