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FSC100 Exam review Questions and 100% Correct Answers |Verified
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FSC100 Exam review Questions and 100% CorrectAnswers |Verified
DNA standards and protocols - ✔✔- introduced in 1988
- arguments by scientists over practical applications and statistical calculations
- 1990s saw rapid increase in acceptance and usage
- by 1994, typing was firmly established from use in forensic investigations
CODIS - ✔✔- The DNA database (FBI - textbook)
- a database that stores DNA profiles of convicted individuals.
Double indexing system of DNA profiles - ✔✔- convicted offender index (contains sex
offenders and other violent crimes)
- Forensic index: contains profiles developed from crime scene evidence such as blood and
semen
DNA identification act enacted in: - ✔✔1998
DNA idetification act - ✔✔- permitted the formation of the national DNA databank
- allowed judges to request blood, buccal or hair samples. this legislation became official on
june 30th 2000
Biological samples from convicted offenders can only be for: - ✔✔legal investigations
DNA is taken from offender: - ✔✔upon conviction, not arrest
,DNA reliability - ✔✔in 2009, the national academy of sceience reports: 'strengthening
forensic science in the united state: a path forward" was published. often referred toa s the
NAS report, it examined the status of forensic science
DNA: bodily source - ✔✔hair, blood, nail clippings, sweat, tears, earwax, skin/tissue, bone
DNA: where in the scene - ✔✔victims body, suspects body, weapon used, jewelery, hair
brush/comb/tooth brush, doorknob, window
Ridgeology - ✔✔the study of the uniqueness of friction structures and their use for personal
identification
Fingerprint - ✔✔both the friction skin pattern formation found on human skin, as well as the
impression or mark left on a surface after having had contact with this type of skin
Fingerprinting Identification - ✔✔the fingerprint impression or mark is a replication or
transference of the patterned skin. it can be linked to a stamp and ink pad. a stamp has
elevated and recessed areas. the stamp is place into the cushioned inkpad to accumulate ink on
the elevated surfaces
Attributes of friction skin: - ✔✔- Sensitivity: more nerve endings than present in skin from
there areas of the body
- Thickness: must withstand heave daily workload of touching, gripping, lifting, and twisting
- Purchase (grip): provides ability to grasp and prevent slippage
The 'Gour Premises' of Friction Ridge Identification - ✔✔1. Friction Ridge develop on the
fetus in their definitive form prior to birth
2. Friction ridges are persistend throughout life except for permanent scarring, disease or
decomposition after death
3. Friction ridges paths and the details in small areas of friction ridges are unique and never
repeated
,4. Overall, friction ridge patterns very within limits, which allow for classification
Friction ridge identification history is buried in the past - ✔✔1. Can't be certain that early
cultures understood the individualizing aspects of friction skin
2. some evidence shows that ancient world did understand uniqueness
Kejimkuijik Lake petroglyphs - ✔✔oldest known design of how ridge formations existed on
the hand
Early Egyptian Identification Methods - ✔✔1. Used detailed description of a person's
physical features written in longhand
Early China Identification Methods - ✔✔1. Used notches carved out in writing tablets
2. Duplicates were made to show authenticity
3. in 650 AD fingerprints already used to ID people
Thomas Bewick - ✔✔- Made wood engravings of a fingerprint and published the image in the
books he wrote
- developed an above average knowledge of friction ridge skin
Sir William Herschel - ✔✔credited with being first European to recognize the value of friction
ridge prints and to actually use them for identification purposes. Persistency tests showed that
fingerprints do not change over time.
Alphonse Bertillon - ✔✔- bertillon system (or bertillonage and anthropometry)
- allowed to introduce Anthropometry on experimental basis in december 1882
Sir Francis Galton - ✔✔responsible for the acceptance of the use of fingerprints for personal
indetification
, Troop committee - ✔✔group appointed under Charles Troop to register and indentify
habitual criminals in England. Used both Fingerprinting and Anthropometry.
Juan Vucetich - ✔✔First to use fingerprints to solve case in Argentina. Murder was found to
be Mother. Published book 'General Introduction to the Procedures of Anthropometry and
Fingerprinting'
Sir Edward Henry - ✔✔Brought fingerprinting to India. Published the book 'Classification and
Uses of Fingerprinting'
Belper Committee - ✔✔Recommended that all criminal identification records be classified by
the Fingerprint system. This began the standard practice of fingerprinting in England and other
English speaking countries.
Volar Skin - ✔✔Friction skin
General description of Skin - ✔✔one of the largest organs in the body that performs several
functions; contains skeleton and organs; sensory input; waste eliminiation
Pattern of each finger is determined by: - ✔✔- the size, shape, and position of volar pad
- genetics, familiar similarities
- physical forces; pressure, tension, and disease
- all the primary ridges grow for thee same amount of time, but not at same rate-differential
growth rate
Characteristics of Volar Surfaces - ✔✔- no sebaceous (oil) glands
- sweat glands only
- no hair
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