CARDIOVASCULAR NURSING FINAL
EXAM
120+ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
MODULE3
A+ GRADED
1. Rheumatic Endocarditis - ANSWER ✔ - Starts with a sore throat ->
rheumatic fever
- Caused only by hemolytic streptococcus
- Affects all bony joints, producing polyarthritis.
2. **Heart is the target organ where most serious damage occurs.**
3. Define: vegetation - ANSWER ✔ Bead-like nodules made of leukocytes
that have accumulated in the blood; prevent valve leaflets from opening or
closing.
4. Valves become permanently locked in one position.
5. Which valve is most affected by rheumatic endocarditis? - ANSWER ✔
Mitral valve
6. If mitral valve stays open, what is the result? - ANSWER ✔ Causes "fluid
leak" and insufficiency
7. If mitral valve stays closed, what is the result? - ANSWER ✔ Prevents
blood from flowing well through valve (stenosis)
8. Rheumatic myocarditis - ANSWER ✔ - less serious; leaves no permanent
damage
- an inflammatory process
- causes temporary weakened heart contractions -> decreased pump
power
,9. How can all rheumatic problems be prevented? - ANSWER ✔ If throat
cultured and antibiotics given
10.Infective endocarditis - ANSWER ✔ Bacterial infection caused by direct
invasion of enterococci, staph, fungi, etc. (not hemolytic)
11.Persons most at risk for infective endocarditis - ANSWER ✔ - rheumatic
heart disease
- mitral valve prolapse
- prosthetic valve replacement
12.Clinical manifestations of endocarditis - ANSWER ✔ - Onset insidious -
"feels like the flu"
- Vague c/o: malaise, poor appetite, cough, back and joint pain
- Splinter Hemorrhages
- Petchiae in conjunctive and mucous membranes
13.Splinter hemorrhages - ANSWER ✔ Red streaks seen under finger and toe
nails
14.Complications associated with infective endocarditis - ANSWER ✔ -
Emboli - when cluster of vegetation breaks off.
- Can cause stroke, MI, pulmonary infarct
- Frequently requires valve replacement
- If prosthetic valve infected - requires immediate replacement to
prevent cascading clots through circulation.
15.Diagnosis of infective endocarditis - ANSWER ✔ - History and physical
examination
- Blood culture and sensitivity
- Chest x-ray film
- Electrocardiogram
- Echocardiography
- Cardiac catheterization
16.Therapeutic management of infective endocarditis - ANSWER ✔ -
Appropriate AB therapy
- Antipyretics
- Rest
, - Repetition of blood cultures & sensitivity tests
- Surgical valve replacement (for severe valvular damage)
17.Myocarditis - ANSWER ✔ - Results from viral, bacterial, parasitic,
protozoal, or spirochetal infection.
- Seen in clients with rheumatic fever, infective endocarditis and those
immunosupressed.
18.Myocarditis can cause - ANSWER ✔ - Heart dilation
- Mural thrombi (a stationary blood clot along the wall of a blood
vessel)
- Degeneration of heart muscle
- Sudden death
19.H.M.D.S
20.Hearts Might Die Suddenly
21.Clinical manifestations of myocarditis - ANSWER ✔ - Fatigue
- Dyspnea
- Palpitations
- 20% develop chest pain
- Often symptoms appear as the "flu" - fever, malaise, pharangitis,
lymphedema, n/v
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