CVRN EXAM REVIEW 2024 | GRADED A+
BP - slowly open the valve on the bulb to release the pressure in the cuff
BP, bulb press - decrease at a rate of no more than 2-3mmHg/sec.
BP Air released too quick - false reading
Abdominojugular test or reflux - positive -> JVD
Resting ...
Atrial systole - 30% more volume to ventricles, s4 heard
S4 - late active phase of ventricular filling and are caused by atrial systole
S1 - AV valves closing (mitral and tricuspid); phase of "isovolumetric" contraction where
tension is increasing in the muscles but without shortening of muscle fibers; signifies
onset of ventricular systole; LV depolarizes and contracts slightly before RV (may hear
split M1 -> T1)
S2 - Aortic/pulmonic valves closing
Splitting of s1 - RBBB audible split in the first sound
LBBB, RV paced, and RV premature beats - cause a singular sound because mitral
valve closure is delated, the mitral and tricuspid componets fuse
Splitting of s2 - inspiration, S1 -> A2 -> P2; expiration is S1 -> S2
Split A2 - > P2 heard In - A or V septal defect, RBBB, pulm HTN, pulm stenosis
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