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Chamberlain NR 325 Exam 2, NR 325
Exam #2 Study Guide with Verified
Solutions
Which sided stroke has impaired speech/language aphasia; impaired right/left discrimination; slow
performance/cautious,; depression/anxiety; impaired comprehension. - Answer✔✔-Left-Sided
Which sided stroke has spatial perception deficits; denying/minimizing; rapid performance/short
attention; impulsiveness; impaired judgment; impaired time. - Answer✔✔-Right-sided
_____ are the confirming diagnostic studies for stroke. - Answer✔✔-CT; CT angiogram; CT/MRI perfusion
and diffusion imaging; MRI; Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA)
_____ are the confirming laboratory studies for stroke. - Answer✔✔-Prothrombin time, activated partial
thromboplastin time; CBC (including platelets); Electrolyte panel with blood glucose; Lipid profile; Renal
and hepatic studies
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is used to produce localized fibrinolysis by binding to the
fibrin in the thrombi, and is the immediate treatment for _____ _____. - Answer✔✔-Ischemic stroke
Aspirin at a dose of 325 mg may be started within 24 to 48 hours after the onset of an _____ stroke. -
Answer✔✔-ischemic
Anticoagulants and platelet inhibitors are contraindicated in patients with _____ strokes. - Answer✔✔-
hemorrhagic
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The main drug therapy for patients with _____ stroke is the management of hypertension. - Answer✔✔-
hemorrhagic
The _____ _____ of a spinal cord injury (SCI) is initial physical disruption of the spinal cord. - Answer✔✔-
primary injury
The _____ _____ of a spinal cord injury is from processes, such as ischemia, hypoxia, hemorrhage,
edema - Answer✔✔-secondary injury
_____ _____ may occur shortly after acute SCI. It is characterized by loss of deep tendon and sphincter
reflexes, loss of sensation, and flaccid paralysis below the level of injury. - Answer✔✔-Spinal shock
_____ _____ involvement results in total loss of sensory and motor function below the level of injury. -
Answer✔✔-Complete cord
_____ _____ involvement results in a mixed loss of voluntary motor activity and sensation and leaves
some tracts intact. - Answer✔✔-Incomplete cord
SCI at C1-C3 - Answer✔✔-Often fatal; Movement in neck and above, loss of innervation to diaphragm,
absence of independent respiratory function
SCI at C4 - Answer✔✔-Sensation and movement in neck and above; May be able to breathe without
ventilator
SCI at C5 - Answer✔✔-Full neck, partial shoulder, back, biceps; Gross elbow, inability to roll over or use
hands; ↓ Respiratory reserve
SCI at C6 - Answer✔✔-Shoulder and upper back abduction and rotation at shoulder; Full biceps to elbow
flexion, wrist extension, weak grasp of thumb; ↓ Respiratory reserve
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SCI at C7-C8 - Answer✔✔-All triceps to elbow extension, finger extensors and flexors; Good grasp with
some decreased strength; ↓ Respiratory reserve
SCI at T1-T6 - Answer✔✔-Full innervation of upper extremities; Back, essential intrinsic muscles of hand;
Full strength and dexterity of grasp; ↓ Trunk stability, decreased respiratory reserve
SCI at T6-T12 - Answer✔✔-Full, stable thoracic muscles and upper back; Functional intercostal muscles,
resulting in ↑ respiratory reserve
SCI at L1-L2 - Answer✔✔-Varying control of legs and pelvis; Instability of lower back
SCI at L3-L4 - Answer✔✔-Quadriceps and hip flexors; Absence of hamstring function, flail ankles
CT scan is the preferred imaging study to diagnose the location and degree of injury and the degree of
_____ _____ _____. - Answer✔✔-spinal canal compromise
_____ is used to assess soft tissue injury, neurologic changes, unexplained neurologic deficits, or
worsening neurologic condition in SCI. - Answer✔✔-MRI
Goals immediately after _____ include maintaining a patent airway, adequate ventilation/breathing, and
adequate circulating blood volume (ABCs) and preventing extension of spinal cord damage (secondary
injury). - Answer✔✔-SCI
_____ allows the patient to move and ambulate while cervical bones fuse - Answer✔✔-Halo fixation
device
One of the physically demonstrable symptoms of meningitis is _____ _____. Severe neck stiffness causes
a patient's hips and knees to flex when the neck is flexed. - Answer✔✔-Brudzinski's sign
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Positive _____ sign is involuntary flexing of hips and knees (an involuntary reaction to lessen the stretch
on the inflamed meninges) - Answer✔✔-Brudzinski's sign
_____ _____ is a neuropsychiatric manifestation of liver disease. The pathogenesis is multifactorial. It
includes the neurotoxic effects of ammonia, abnormal neurotransmission, astrocyte swelling, and
inflammatory cytokines. - Answer✔✔-Hepatic encephalopathy
A characteristic manifestation of hepatic encephalopathy is _____, or flapping tremors, with the most
common involving the arms and hands. - Answer✔✔-asterixis
If the common bile duct is obstructed due to _____, no bilirubin will reach the small intestine to be
converted to urobilinogen. Thus the kidneys will excrete bilirubin, causing dark amber to brown urine. -
Answer✔✔-cholelithiasis
Complications of _____ and cholecystitis include gangrenous cholecystitis, subphrenic abscess,
pancreatitis, cholangitis (inflammation of biliary ducts), biliary cirrhosis, fistulas, and rupture of the
gallbladder, which can cause bile peritonitis. - Answer✔✔-cholelithiasis
Manifestations of _____ vary from indigestion to moderate to severe pain, fever, chills, and jaundice. -
Answer✔✔-cholecystitis
When a stone is lodged in the ducts or when stones are moving through the ducts, spasms may result in
response to the stone. This sometimes causes severe pain, which is termed _____ _____. - Answer✔✔-
biliary colic
_____ results in the replacement of liver tissue by fibrosis (scar tissue) and regenerative nodules that
occur from the liver's attempt to repair itself - Answer✔✔-cirrhosis
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