Exam (elaborations)
Texas STR Certification Exam Verified 2024
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Texas STR Certification Exam Verified 2024
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Texas STR Certification Exam Verified 2024Active Voice - ANSWER-A sentence in which the subject is doing the action.
Advanced Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER-The stage where children can delete,
substitute, and reverse individual phonemes in spoken words; typically occurs between
ages 7 and 9.
Affixes - ANSWER-Parts of words that go at the beginning of a word (prefix) or the end
of a word (suffix)
Affricates - ANSWER-Consonant sounds produced when air is stopped first, then
forcefully released (e.g., /ch/, /j/)
Affrication of /t/ and /d/ before /r/ and /y/ - ANSWER-changes in the sound of phonemes
/t/ and /d/ before /r/ as in "train" and "drive"
Allophonic Variation - ANSWER-differences in the way a phoneme sounds in the
context of the word vs. in isolation; may change the way a word is pronounced but does
not change the meaning of the word
Alphabetic Principle - ANSWER-The understanding that phonemes (sounds) and
graphemes (written letters) can be connected and used to represent spoken language
Aspiration of Stop Consonants - ANSWER-a push of air that occurs with stop
consonants when they are in the initial position of a syllable or consonant blend, or
when they precede a vowel
Assets-Based Teaching Approach - ANSWER-This refers to viewing diversity of
thought, culture, and traits as a positive asset as students are valued for what they bring
to the classroom rather than being characterized by what they are lacking.
Base Words - ANSWER-Words that can stand alone in English.
Basic Phonemic Awareness - ANSWER-the stage where children can identify and
manipulate (blend and segment) smaller units of sound (individual phonemes) in words;
typically occurs between ages 5 and 7.
Benchmark Assessments - ANSWER-A type of outcome assessment used to evaluate
students against grade-level specific standards and learning goals.
BICS (Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills) - ANSWER-Development of fluency in
conversations - social language
, Bound Morpheme - ANSWER-Word elements that cannot stand on their own (e.g.,
roots, affixes, and Greek-based word parts).
CALP (Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency) - ANSWER-Development of content
and subject area language.
Changing Rule - ANSWER-When adding a suffix that starts with "e" (ed, er, est) to a
word that ends with a consonant and final "y", change the final "y" to "i" before adding
the suffix (e.g., happy/happier)
Choral Reading - ANSWER-A strategy used to build reading fluency where a group of
children read a passage together; it can be done with or without a teacher
Chunking Instruction - ANSWER-planning short, frequent lessons with repeated
opportunities to practice skills
Clause - ANSWER-A group of words that has a subject ad predicate.
Closed Word Sort - ANSWER-An activity in which students group or organize
purposefully selected words into categories selected by the teacher
Cloze Passage - ANSWER-A comprehension assessment strategy in which students
use their knowledge of the reading process to supply missing words in a short passage.
Coarticulation - ANSWER-The idea that a speech sound is influenced by the sounds
around it (e.g., the nasal consonant /m/ influences the vowel "a" in the word "ham")
Code Emphasis Instruction - ANSWER-Explicit, systematic reading instruction that is
more teacher directed, emphasizes specific skills (phonemic awareness, phonics,
fluency, vocabulary, comprehension, and spelling), and uses decodable texts to practice
new skills
Cohesive Devices - ANSWER-Devices that connect ideas between words and
sentences so the reader can interpret the text.
Combined Approach to Spelling - ANSWER-Using a combination of phonemic, whole-
word, and morpheme approaches so that students are exposed to a variety of spelling
strategies
Complementary Antonyms - ANSWER-A pair of words whose meanings are opposite
(e.g., true, false).
Complex Sentence - ANSWER-A sentence formed by joining one complete thought
(also referred to as an independent clause) and one incomplete thought (or dependent
clause)
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