INSTRUCTOR’S
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
JAMES LAPP
University of Maryland Global Campus
ELEMENTARY
STATISTICS
FOURTEENTH EDITION
Mario F. Triola
, CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
Section 1-1: Statistical and Critical Thinking ...................................................................1
Section 1-2: Types of Data................................................................................................3
Section 1-3: Collecting Sample Data ................................................................................4
Quick Quiz ........................................................................................................................5
Review Exercises ..............................................................................................................5
Cumulative Review Exercises ...........................................................................................6
Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs
Section 2-1: Frequency Distributions for Organizing and Summarizing Data ..................7
Section 2-2: Histograms ..................................................................................................13
Section 2-3: Graphs That Enlighten and Graphs That Deceive.......................................16
Section 2-4: Scatterplots, Correlation, and Regression ...................................................19
Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................21
Review Exercises ............................................................................................................22
Cumulative Review Exercises .........................................................................................23
Chapter 3: Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
Section 3-1: Measures of Center .....................................................................................25
Section 3-2: Measures of Variation.................................................................................30
Section 3-3: Measures of Relative Standing and Boxplots .............................................35
Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................39
Review Exercises ............................................................................................................39
Cumulative Review Exercises .........................................................................................40
Chapter 4: Probability
Section 4-1: Basic Concepts of Probability.....................................................................43
Section 4-2: Addition Rule and Multiplication Rule.......................................................44
Section 4-3: Complements, Conditional Probability, and Bayes’ Theorem ....................47
Section 4-4: Counting .....................................................................................................49
Section 4-5: Simulations for Hypothesis Tests ...............................................................51
Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................52
Review Exercises ............................................................................................................53
Cumulative Review Exercises .........................................................................................54
,Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions
Section 5-1: Probability Distributions .............................................................................55
Section 5-2: Binomial Probability Distributions .............................................................57
Section 5-3: Poisson Probability Distributions................................................................60
Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................62
Review Exercises ............................................................................................................62
Cumulative Review Exercises .........................................................................................63
Chapter 6: Normal Probability Distributions
Section 6-1: The Standard Normal Distribution ..............................................................65
Section 6-2: Real Applications of Normal Distributions .................................................66
Section 6-3: Sampling Distributions and Estimators .......................................................69
Section 6-4: The Central Limit Theorem.........................................................................73
Section 6-5: Assessing Normality ...................................................................................76
Section 6-6: Normal as Approximation to Binomial (Download Only) ..........................79
Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................82
Review Exercises ............................................................................................................82
Cumulative Review Exercises .........................................................................................84
Chapter 7: Estimating Parameters and Determining Sample Sizes
Section 7-1: Estimating a Population Proportion ............................................................85
Section 7-2: Estimating a Population Mean ....................................................................89
Section 7-3: Estimating a Population Standard Deviation or Variance ...........................93
Section 7-4: Bootstrapping: Using Technology for Estimates ........................................96
Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................98
Review Exercises ............................................................................................................99
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................100
Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing
Section 8-1: Basics of Hypothesis Testing ....................................................................103
Section 8-2: Testing a Claim About a Proportion .........................................................105
Section 8-3: Testing a Claim About a Mean .................................................................111
Section 8-4: Testing a Claim About a Standard Deviation or Variance ........................115
Section 8-5: Resampling: Using Technology for Hypothesis Testing...........................117
Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................119
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................120
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................121
Chapter 9: Inferences from Two Samples
Section 9-1: Two Proportions........................................................................................123
Section 9-2: Two Means: Independent Samples............................................................131
Section 9-3: Matched Pairs............................................................................................138
Section 9-4: Two Variances or Standard Deviations .....................................................143
Section 9-5: Resampling: Using Technology for Inferences .........................................145
, Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................147
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................148
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................150
Chapter 10: Correlation and Regression
Section 10-1: Correlation ..............................................................................................155
Section 10-2: Regression ...............................................................................................162
Section 10-3: Prediction Intervals and Variation...........................................................170
Section 10-4: Multiple Regression ................................................................................172
Section 10-5: Nonlinear Regression ..............................................................................174
Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................179
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................179
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................180
Chapter 11: Goodness-of-Fit and Contingency Tables
Section 11-1: Goodness-of-Fit ......................................................................................183
Section 11-2: Contingency Tables.................................................................................188
Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................192
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................192
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................193
Chapter 12: Analysis of Variance
Section 12-1: One-Way ANOVA .................................................................................195
Section 12-2: Two-Way ANOVA .................................................................................197
Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................199
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................199
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................200
Chapter 13: Nonparametric Tests
Section 13-2: Sign Test .................................................................................................203
Section 13-3: Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs ....................................204
Section 13-4: Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test for Two Independent samples .......................206
Section 13-5: Kruskal-Wallis Test for Three or More Samples ....................................209
Section 13-6: Rank Correlation .....................................................................................212
Section 13-7: Runs Test for Randomness .....................................................................213
Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................215
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................216
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................217
Chapter 14: Statistical Process Control
Section 14-1: Control Charts for Variation and Mean...................................................219
Section 14-2: Control Charts for Attributes ..................................................................221
Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................226
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................226
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................228
SOLUTIONS MANUAL
JAMES LAPP
University of Maryland Global Campus
ELEMENTARY
STATISTICS
FOURTEENTH EDITION
Mario F. Triola
, CONTENTS
Chapter 1: Introduction to Statistics
Section 1-1: Statistical and Critical Thinking ...................................................................1
Section 1-2: Types of Data................................................................................................3
Section 1-3: Collecting Sample Data ................................................................................4
Quick Quiz ........................................................................................................................5
Review Exercises ..............................................................................................................5
Cumulative Review Exercises ...........................................................................................6
Chapter 2: Exploring Data with Tables and Graphs
Section 2-1: Frequency Distributions for Organizing and Summarizing Data ..................7
Section 2-2: Histograms ..................................................................................................13
Section 2-3: Graphs That Enlighten and Graphs That Deceive.......................................16
Section 2-4: Scatterplots, Correlation, and Regression ...................................................19
Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................21
Review Exercises ............................................................................................................22
Cumulative Review Exercises .........................................................................................23
Chapter 3: Describing, Exploring, and Comparing Data
Section 3-1: Measures of Center .....................................................................................25
Section 3-2: Measures of Variation.................................................................................30
Section 3-3: Measures of Relative Standing and Boxplots .............................................35
Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................39
Review Exercises ............................................................................................................39
Cumulative Review Exercises .........................................................................................40
Chapter 4: Probability
Section 4-1: Basic Concepts of Probability.....................................................................43
Section 4-2: Addition Rule and Multiplication Rule.......................................................44
Section 4-3: Complements, Conditional Probability, and Bayes’ Theorem ....................47
Section 4-4: Counting .....................................................................................................49
Section 4-5: Simulations for Hypothesis Tests ...............................................................51
Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................52
Review Exercises ............................................................................................................53
Cumulative Review Exercises .........................................................................................54
,Chapter 5: Discrete Probability Distributions
Section 5-1: Probability Distributions .............................................................................55
Section 5-2: Binomial Probability Distributions .............................................................57
Section 5-3: Poisson Probability Distributions................................................................60
Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................62
Review Exercises ............................................................................................................62
Cumulative Review Exercises .........................................................................................63
Chapter 6: Normal Probability Distributions
Section 6-1: The Standard Normal Distribution ..............................................................65
Section 6-2: Real Applications of Normal Distributions .................................................66
Section 6-3: Sampling Distributions and Estimators .......................................................69
Section 6-4: The Central Limit Theorem.........................................................................73
Section 6-5: Assessing Normality ...................................................................................76
Section 6-6: Normal as Approximation to Binomial (Download Only) ..........................79
Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................82
Review Exercises ............................................................................................................82
Cumulative Review Exercises .........................................................................................84
Chapter 7: Estimating Parameters and Determining Sample Sizes
Section 7-1: Estimating a Population Proportion ............................................................85
Section 7-2: Estimating a Population Mean ....................................................................89
Section 7-3: Estimating a Population Standard Deviation or Variance ...........................93
Section 7-4: Bootstrapping: Using Technology for Estimates ........................................96
Quick Quiz ......................................................................................................................98
Review Exercises ............................................................................................................99
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................100
Chapter 8: Hypothesis Testing
Section 8-1: Basics of Hypothesis Testing ....................................................................103
Section 8-2: Testing a Claim About a Proportion .........................................................105
Section 8-3: Testing a Claim About a Mean .................................................................111
Section 8-4: Testing a Claim About a Standard Deviation or Variance ........................115
Section 8-5: Resampling: Using Technology for Hypothesis Testing...........................117
Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................119
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................120
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................121
Chapter 9: Inferences from Two Samples
Section 9-1: Two Proportions........................................................................................123
Section 9-2: Two Means: Independent Samples............................................................131
Section 9-3: Matched Pairs............................................................................................138
Section 9-4: Two Variances or Standard Deviations .....................................................143
Section 9-5: Resampling: Using Technology for Inferences .........................................145
, Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................147
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................148
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................150
Chapter 10: Correlation and Regression
Section 10-1: Correlation ..............................................................................................155
Section 10-2: Regression ...............................................................................................162
Section 10-3: Prediction Intervals and Variation...........................................................170
Section 10-4: Multiple Regression ................................................................................172
Section 10-5: Nonlinear Regression ..............................................................................174
Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................179
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................179
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................180
Chapter 11: Goodness-of-Fit and Contingency Tables
Section 11-1: Goodness-of-Fit ......................................................................................183
Section 11-2: Contingency Tables.................................................................................188
Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................192
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................192
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................193
Chapter 12: Analysis of Variance
Section 12-1: One-Way ANOVA .................................................................................195
Section 12-2: Two-Way ANOVA .................................................................................197
Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................199
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................199
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................200
Chapter 13: Nonparametric Tests
Section 13-2: Sign Test .................................................................................................203
Section 13-3: Wilcoxon Signed-Ranks Test for Matched Pairs ....................................204
Section 13-4: Wilcoxon Rank-Sum Test for Two Independent samples .......................206
Section 13-5: Kruskal-Wallis Test for Three or More Samples ....................................209
Section 13-6: Rank Correlation .....................................................................................212
Section 13-7: Runs Test for Randomness .....................................................................213
Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................215
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................216
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................217
Chapter 14: Statistical Process Control
Section 14-1: Control Charts for Variation and Mean...................................................219
Section 14-2: Control Charts for Attributes ..................................................................221
Quick Quiz ....................................................................................................................226
Review Exercises ..........................................................................................................226
Cumulative Review Exercises .......................................................................................228
