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BIOLOGY 2B03 - Cell Biology Midterm exam update actual exam review new update for McMaster University
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BIOLOGY 2B03 - Cell Biology Midterm exam update actual exam review new update for McMaster University

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  • October 4, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
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  • BIOLOGY 2B03 - Cell Biology
  • BIOLOGY 2B03 - Cell Biology

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BIOLOGY 2B03 - Cell Biology
Midterm exam update actual exam
review new update for McMaster
University

,Polypeptide - - A linear array of amino acids is the primary shape of the protein



Peptide bond - - Bond from one amino acid residue at N-terminus (5') to C-terminus (3') of
another amino acid residue



Characteristics of hydrophilic amino acids - - - Charged/ionized at pH 7.0

- Polar side chains

- Can participate in H-bonding

- Either have -OH at end, or -NH2 at end



Characteristics of hydrophobic amino acids - - - Unable to forum H-bonds

- Saturated hydrocarbons, long chain of alkyls



Names of Basic Amino Acids - - Lysine (Lys), Arginine (Arg)



Names of Acidic Amino Acids - - Aspartic Acid (Asp), Glutamic Acid (Glu)



Cysteine - - A special amino acid

- Forms disulphide bridges between other Cysteine



Glycine - - A special amino acid

- Just a Hydrogen for a R group. It's small so it allows bend in a polypeptide chain



Proline - - A special amino acid

- Forces a kink in the peptide chain

, Histidine - - A special amino acid

- Shifts from positive charge (@ pH 5.8) to a neutral charge (@ pH 7.8)



Primary Protein Structure - - Linear arrangement of amino acids. Sequence is determined by the
nucleotide sequence of encoding gene



Secondary Protein Structure - - Conformation of a portion of the polypeptide



Alpha Helix - - Spiral caused by hydrogen bonding of a carbonyl oxygen and an amide hydrogen
4 residues away



Beta Sheet - - Planar structure, caused by hydrogen bonding between adjacent beta strands



Beta Turn - - Connector caused by 3 amino acids, hydrogen bonding connecting beta sheets at
residue 1 & 4. Proline at position 2 induces sharp bend, Glycine @ position 3 minimizes steric
hinderance



Motif - - Combination of secondary structure that's associated with a specific function



Coiled-coil Motif - - 2 Alpha Helices are wrapped around one another in a helix. Hydrophobic R
groups are in the middle of the 2 coils, binding the 2 coils together while the hydrophilic groups
are on the outside of the coil



Leucine Zipper - - Simple version of a coiled-coil motif. Has a pattern of Leucine x6. Commonly
found in DNA binding proteins since it can fit in the grooves of double stranded DNA

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