externalities - ️️A side effect of an action that affects a third party other than the
buyer or seller. can be positive or negative things
Public Organizations - ️️Funded by the community through taxes, fees, grants,
fund-raisers, donations, and contracts. embody a set of important value...
SPEA-V 185 Exam 1
externalities - ✔️✔️A side effect of an action that affects a third party other than the
buyer or seller. can be positive or negative things
Public Organizations - ✔️✔️Funded by the community through taxes, fees, grants,
fund-raisers, donations, and contracts. embody a set of important values that are critical
to our political system, are inherently less efficient, innovative, and effective.
independent variable - ✔️✔️causes, explorations. things that we think are important
factors in driving outcomes we are interested in
Theory - ✔️✔️some basic understanding of things that helps us simplify and explain
complex relationships
Operationalization - ✔️✔️how to turn abstract concepts into something tangible/
meaningful
observation - ✔️✔️how to measure
analysis - ✔️✔️how to demonstrate causality or pattern, ex. when trying to solve
different policy problems
dependent variable - ✔️✔️a factor, event, or outcome that we want to explain
`empirical - ✔️✔️the way the world is (or at least the way we think it is), based on what
we can observe
normative - ✔️✔️the way we think the world ought to be
goods and services - ✔️✔️2 basic ways to organize an economy to provide ...
markets - ✔️✔️buyers and sellers participate voluntarily
polyarchy - ✔️✔️government controls the means of the production
mixed economy - ✔️✔️what government is the United states
mixed - ✔️✔️what economy has some goods produced by markets and others by
government and some by both is a
free riders - ✔️✔️benefit without paying
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