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Exam (elaborations)

Pathology Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers 2024/2025

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Pathology Exam 1 Questions with 100% Correct Answers 2024/2025 atrophy - ANSWERSdecrease in size due to a decrease in stress (immobility) hypertrophy - ANSWERSincrease in size due to an increase in stimulation like stretching, pressure, volume overload hyperplasia - ANSWERSincrease in nu...

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  • October 4, 2024
  • 14
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers
  • Pathology
  • Pathology
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Pathology Exam 1 Questions with 100%
Correct Answers 2024/2025

atrophy - ANSWERSdecrease in size due to a decrease in stress (immobility)



hypertrophy - ANSWERSincrease in size due to an increase in stimulation like stretching, pressure,
volume overload



hyperplasia - ANSWERSincrease in number of cells due to an increase in stimuli



metaplasia - ANSWERSchange in cell type due to a change in the stressor



dysplasia - ANSWERSchange in shape, size and organization of cells



atrophy occurs in... - ANSWERSskeletal muscle, heart, secondary sex organs and brain



hypertrophy occurs in... - ANSWERSkidneys, skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle, endothelium, prostate



hypertrophy: patho and physio - ANSWERSPhysiologic: response to excess stimuli/ to compensate
(cardiac hypertrophy)

Pathologic: adaptive (heart disease) or compensatory (only having 1 kidney, has to compensate)



hyperplasia: physio, patho, and compensatory - ANSWERSPhysiological: estrogen dependent organs

Pathologic: excessive hormone stimulation

Compensatory: limited to cell type but is the regeneration of cells (liver, bone marrow)



metaplasia example - ANSWERSLungs from smoking, pollution, environmental damage (pathologic)

, dysplasia example - ANSWERSBarrett's esophagus & cervical dysplasia



reversible cell injury = - ANSWERScellular swelling

Na K pump stops -> increase in Na buildup -> H2O follows -> swelling



IRreversible cell injury = - ANSWERScell membrane damage

enzymes leak out and more Ca enters the cell leading to necrosis (death)



hypoxia mainly effect the _______________ and thus, will produce less _____ - ANSWERSmitochondria,
ATP



less ATP = stoppage of ____ _____ _________ and an increase in glycolysis meaning _______ ______
builds up and there will be a more acidic/alkalotic pH - ANSWERSNa K pump, lactic acid, acidic



autophagy - ANSWERSself eating

occurs during starvation/nutrient deficit and body recycles digestive components



necrosis - ANSWERScellular self-digestion

disorganized and unregulated

cell membrane damage -> cellular parts leak out -> inflammation



apoptosis - ANSWERSprogrammed cell death

low rate -> cancer risk

excessive rate -> alzheimer's



free radicals: formation - ANSWERSOccurs after oxygen is restored to tissues

the tissue creates free radicals that start undergoing reactions that are harmful to the cell after unstable
mitochondria resumes ATP production



free radicals overall/in summary - ANSWERSOverall start a reaction that leads to further cellular injury

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