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Teaching Suggestions For Essentials of Business Communication, 2nd Edition
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TEACHING SUGGESTIONS FOREssentials of Business Communication, 2nd Edition
Chapter 1-15
Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study of business taxation.---
### Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.-
**Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C), which simplifies tax filing but also means personal
liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners'
individual rates. Form 1065 is used to report partnership income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations are separate legal entities that provide limited liability
protection to their owners (shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-through
entities but have restrictions on ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be
taxed as a sole proprietorship, partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.-
**Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed at the owner’s individual tax rate. All profits and losses are reported on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: -
Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly impact tax liability.-
**Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of
shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By default, single-member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can elect to be taxed
as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income RecognitionIncome recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses
can choose between cash and accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income when received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred,
aligning revenue with the period it relates to, but can complicate cash flow management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows
deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary (helpful and appropriate for the business). Common deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: -
Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically only 50% deductible). Understanding these limits is vital for effective tax planning.#### 3. Tax CreditsTax credits directly reduce the tax
liability, providing a dollar-for-dollar reduction of taxes owed.- **Types of Tax Credits**: - Examples include the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit, which encourages innovation, and the Work Opportunity Tax Credit
(WOTC) for hiring individuals from certain target groups.### Specific Business Entity Taxation#### 1. PartnershipsPartnerships are a popular choice for many businesses due to their flexible structure.- **Pass-Through Taxation**: -
Income is reported on individual partners’ returns, preventing double taxation. However, partners
A GUIDE TO TEACHING MATERIALS
Essentials of Business Communication, Second Edition, was written to offer as a
text/workbook that would teach essential English language skills to students in a hurry to
put these skills sets to work in a career. A secondary goal, however, was to provide
instructors with excellent, completely organized course materials so that they could be
immediately effective in the classroom with a minimum of experience and effort.
INSTRUCTOR RESOURCES
The Essentials of Business Communication, Second Edition, features an exceptional
number of timesaving ancillaries and resources. Some are provided by the publisher, and
others come directly from the authors.
Instructor’s Resource CD-ROM
In digital form, a CD-ROM provides the following supplements supporting Essentials:
transparency masters, PowerPoint slides, test banks, unit tests, and instructor’s manual.
This means that instructors have one handy, compact tool with documents that can be
customized to fit specific class and student needs. Most of the supplements are formatted
in MS Word so that they can be easily revised and printed. (ISBN: 978-981-4319-21-8)
Instructor’s Manual With Solutions Masters and Test Bank
This Instructor’s Manual (IM) supplies nearly everything a teacher will need in
organizing and delivering a successful course. It is organized into four sections. The first
section, ―A Guide to Teaching Materials,‖ represents a mini methods course for teachers
of business communication. It discusses the resources accompanying the textbook, course
content and schedules, teaching techniques, learning aids, and evaluation. The second
section of the IM is devoted to chapter teaching suggestions, providing a lesson plan for
each chapter. The third section contains solutions to the (a) Writing Improvement
Exercises, (b) Grammar/ Mechanics Challenge Exercises, (c) Cumulative Editing
Quizzes, and (d) nearly all letters and memos in Chapters 5 through 8. All solutions are
presented as transparency masters for easy projection and class viewing. The final section
provides the printed test banks for Chapters 1–15, along with three unit tests.
Transparency Masters and Acetates
,Written by the authors, nearly 200 acetates and masters summarize, supplement, and
highlight course concepts. This packet contains black-and-white, as well as colored
acetates with lecture summaries, additional examples, effective/ineffective documents,
enrichment ideas, and interactive quizzes. Combined with the nearly 150 solution masters
(prepared in transparency format) in the Instructor’s Manual, we provide a remarkable
total of nearly 350 pages of transparency support. This makes it the biggest and best
transparency support package in the field. The publisher’s transparency acetate packet
has been popular in the past years, but it is costly to mail because of the extraordinary
number of pages involved. The masters are digital, which means instructors can
customize them to fit their lectures.
Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study
of business taxation.---### Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is
crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return
(Form 1040, Schedule C), which simplifies tax filing but also means personal liability for debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal income
taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual rates. Form 1065 is used to report partnership income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report
their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners (shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the
corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-through entities but have restrictions on ownership and number of
shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole proprietorship,
partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole
Proprietorships**: - Income is taxed at the owner’s individual tax rate. All profits and losses are reported on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.-
**Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income,
which can significantly impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid
double taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By default, single-member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes,
while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income RecognitionIncome recognition is a fundamental
principle in taxation, determining when income must be reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes income when
received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it relates to, but can complicate cash
flow management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary
(common in the industry) and necessary (helpful and appropriate for the business). Common deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such
as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically only 50% deductible). Understanding these limits is vital for effective tax planning.#### 3. Tax CreditsTax credits directly reduce the tax
liability, providing a dollar-for-dollar reduction of taxes owed.- **Types of Tax Credits**: - Examples include the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit, which encourages innovation, and the Work
Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) for hiring individuals from certain target groups.### Specific Business Entity Taxation#### 1. PartnershipsPartnerships are a popular choice for many businesses due to their
flexible structure.- **Pass-Through Taxation**: - Income is reported on individual partners’ returns, preventing double taxation. However, partners
PowerPoint Slides
Summaries of important chapter concepts are professionally rendered in PowerPoint.
Instructors can use our chapter presentations or alter them for custom lectures. Our
unique interactive program not only introduces concepts but also engages students in a
dialogue that reviews and reinforces what they are learning. The PowerPoint program for
this edition captures attention, creates lively lectures, and, most important, improves
learning and retention. Students receive a plain version of the PowerPoint slides on the
student CD. Instructors receive an enhanced version of the PowerPoint slides on the
Instructor’s Resource CD.
Printed Testing Materials
This Instructor’s Manual contains totally revised test banks with 50 questions for each
chapter. These test banks include 20 multiple choice, 20 true-false, and 10 fill-in
questions. We also provide three unit tests that are ready for you to use. If you prefer to
customize these unit tests, you will find a digital version of them on the Instructor’s
Resource CD. The unit tests cover these chapters:
Unit Test 1—Chapters 1–4
Unit Test 2—Chapters 5–8
Unit Test 3—Chapters 9–15
In developing an assessment program, remember that objective testing material does not
always adequately reveal your students’ ability to apply the principles being taught. It is
recommended that you assign an ample number of in-class and out-of-class writing
problems and exercises to enable you to evaluate students’ performance with greater
validity.
ExamView Testing Software
All items from the printed test banks are available on disk with ExamView Testing
, Software, an automated testing program that allows instructors to create exams by
selecting provided questions, modifying existing questions, and adding questions.
Bridging the Gap Video Library
Featuring real companies with real communication issues that managers and employees
face, nine videos (all about 8 to 10 minutes long) require student analysis, problem-
solving skills, and application of communication concepts from the text. We’ve tried hard
to provide a practical application for each video. For example in the Hudson video,
students compare customer profiles with those developed by the trainees in the film.
Andyour students will be as astonished as the Hudson trainees at the outcome! A
discussion guide for instructors can be found in this instructor’s manual. It provides a
video summary, suggestions for use, a list of student tasks, a discussion guide, and
solutions (if assigned).
Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study of business taxation.---###
Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.- **Sole
Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C), which simplifies tax filing but also means personal liability for
debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual rates. Form
1065 is used to report partnership income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners
(shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-through entities but have restrictions on
ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole proprietorship,
partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is
taxed at the owner’s individual tax rate. All profits and losses are reported on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and
losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the
corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By
default, single-member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income
RecognitionIncome recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes
income when received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it relates to, but can complicate cash flow
management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary
(helpful and appropriate for the business). Common deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically
only 50% deductible). Understanding these limits is vital for effective tax planning.#### 3. Tax CreditsTax credits directly reduce the tax liability, providing a dollar-for-dollar reduction of taxes owed.- **Types of Tax Credits**: - Examples
include the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit, which encourages innovation, and the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) for hiring individuals from certain target groups.### Specific Business Entity Taxation#### 1.
PartnershipsPartnerships are a popular choice for many businesses due to their flexible structure.- **Pass-Through Taxation**: - Income is reported on individual partners’ returns, preventing double taxation. However, partners
Print Newsletter
Business Communication News, a bi-annual newsletter, brings relevant business
communication news, teaching tips, and announcements of free materials.
STUDENT RESOURCE
Free Student CD
Every new textbook is packaged with a complimentary Student CD that contains valuable
resources to reinforce language concepts and to improve student learning and retention.
Comprehensive PowerPoint slides review important chapter concepts. All of the
Documents for Revision are provided as Word documents so that students do not have to
rekey them before revising and correcting them.
Students can also test their knowledge of chapter concepts with interactive review
exercises that provide immediate feedback electronically. To expand their vocabulary,
spelling, and sentence competency skills, students can use many self-paced skill-building
drills written by the authors. In addition to the text-specific items, students are offered
links to the best search engines, employment and internship information sites, Web-site
creation information, writing labs, electronic citation formats, online newspapers and
magazines from around the world, and many other online resources of significance to
business communication students.
WHAT’S IN ESSENTIALS?
The following is a chapter-by-chapter list showing all the features in Essentials of
Business Communication, Second Edition:
, Chapter 1—Facing Today’s Communication Challenges
Expanded discussion of the importance of communication skills in the workplace,
placing more emphasis on the need for writing skills as a result of technology.
Scrutinized every sentence for conciseness, readability, and active-voice
expression.
Include figure to illustrate personal space zones for social interaction.
Chapter 2—Writing for Business Audiences
Discussion of communication channels which sharpen distinctions among face-to-
face communication, telephone calls, e-mail, and other channels.
Discussion of plain English movement and summarized its principles in a graph
that highlights relevant business communication techniques.
Include a complete e-mail message which shows ―before‖ and ―after‖ versions so
that students can see exactly how to revise a document that suffers from lack of
―you‖ attitude; lack of familiar, positive, and inclusive language; and lack of plain
English.
Sure! I’ll expand on the topics related to "Taxation of Business Entities," providing a more detailed exploration. This overview will cover fundamental concepts, applications, and implications relevant to the study of business taxation.---###
Overview of Business Entities#### 1. Types of Business EntitiesBusiness entities can be categorized based on ownership structure and tax treatment. Understanding these types is crucial for determining tax obligations and benefits.- **Sole
Proprietorships**: - Owned by a single individual, this is the simplest form of business entity. Income is reported on the owner’s personal tax return (Form 1040, Schedule C), which simplifies tax filing but also means personal liability for
debts and obligations.- **Partnerships**: - Consisting of two or more individuals, partnerships do not pay federal income taxes. Instead, they are considered pass-through entities, meaning income is taxed at the partners' individual rates. Form
1065 is used to report partnership income, while partners receive Schedule K-1 to report their share on their returns.- **Corporations**: - Corporations are separate legal entities that provide limited liability protection to their owners
(shareholders). C-Corporations face double taxation: once at the corporate level on profits and again at the individual level when dividends are distributed. S-Corporations, on the other hand, are pass-through entities but have restrictions on
ownership and number of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - LLCs combine the flexibility of partnerships with the liability protection of corporations. An LLC can choose to be taxed as a sole proprietorship,
partnership, or corporation, allowing for strategic tax planning. ### 2. Tax Implications of Each Entity TypeUnderstanding the tax implications of each entity type is critical for effective business planning.- **Sole Proprietorships**: - Income is
taxed at the owner’s individual tax rate. All profits and losses are reported on the owner’s tax return. This simplicity, however, can expose owners to significant personal risk.- **Partnerships**: - Each partner reports their share of income and
losses on their personal returns, allowing for loss deductions. Partners are also subject to self-employment taxes on their share of the income, which can significantly impact tax liability.- **Corporations**: - C-Corporations are taxed at the
corporate tax rate (currently 21%). Dividends are taxed again at the shareholder level. S-Corporations avoid double taxation, but there are restrictions on the number and type of shareholders.- **Limited Liability Companies (LLCs)**: - By
default, single-member LLCs are treated as sole proprietorships for tax purposes, while multi-member LLCs are treated as partnerships. However, they can elect to be taxed as a corporation if beneficial.### Key Tax Concepts#### 1. Income
RecognitionIncome recognition is a fundamental principle in taxation, determining when income must be reported.- **Cash vs. Accrual Accounting**: - Businesses can choose between cash and accrual methods. Cash accounting recognizes
income when received and expenses when paid, making it straightforward. Accrual accounting recognizes income when earned and expenses when incurred, aligning revenue with the period it relates to, but can complicate cash flow
management.#### 2. DeductionsDeductions reduce taxable income, directly impacting tax liability.- **Ordinary and Necessary Expenses**: - The IRS allows deductions for expenses that are ordinary (common in the industry) and necessary
(helpful and appropriate for the business). Common deductions include rent, utilities, salaries, and professional fees.- **Limits on Deductions**: - Certain expenses, such as meals and entertainment, have specific limits (e.g., meals are typically
only 50% deductible). Understanding these limits is vital for effective tax planning.#### 3. Tax CreditsTax credits directly reduce the tax liability, providing a dollar-for-dollar reduction of taxes owed.- **Types of Tax Credits**: - Examples
include the Research and Development (R&D) tax credit, which encourages innovation, and the Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC) for hiring individuals from certain target groups.### Specific Business Entity Taxation#### 1.
PartnershipsPartnerships are a popular choice for many businesses due to their flexible structure.- **Pass-Through Taxation**: - Income is reported on individual partners’ returns, preventing double taxation. However, partners
Chapter 3—Improving Writing Techniques
Include a model document which shows a ―before/after‖ revision so that students
see actual documents as they are revised.
Expanded discussion of repetitious words by placing wordy and concise
comparisons side by side for quicker comprehension.
Chapter 4—Revising and Proofreading Business Messages
Enhanced proofreading illustration to show complete memo so that it reinforces
correct formatting techniques.
Include writing improvement exercises with new content.
Chapter 5—E-Mail and Memorandums
Expanded discussion of e-mail by organizing smart practices into categories that
provide students with tips for improving content, tone, correctness, netiquette, and
use.
Emphasis on discussion of dangers of e-mail to help students understand that
casual and careless e-mail can become evidence in lawsuits.
Helped readers understand when to use e-mail and when to send hard-copy
memos.
Introduced a format option for subject lines: (1) use initial capital letters for the
main words or (2) all capital letters. All caps are thought to be less readable, but
they do highlight the subject line. Writers may use either all caps or a
combination of upper- and lowercase letters.
Coverage of e-mail and memos which give more emphasis to procedure,
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