UNDERSTANDING PATHOPHYSIOLOGY / Chapter 1
Cellular Biology: REVIEW With Questions And 100% SURE ANSWERS
Terms in this set (99)
-cells of higher animals and plants, fungi, protozoa, and most algae.
-larger than prokaryotes
Eukaryotes are : -membrane bound intracellular compartments and organelles and a well-defined nucleus;
genetic info stored in chromosomes
-main parts: plasma membrane, the cytoplasm, and the intracellular organelles.
-blue-green algae, bacteria, and rickettsiae.
Prokaryotes:
-NO organelles. Nucleus not well defined, genetic info stored in unicellular chromosome
differentiation, or maturation, so that they perform one
Cells become specialized through the process kind of function.
of:
movement, conductivity, metabolic absorption, secretion, excretion, respiration, reproduction,
The eight specialized cellular functions are:
and communication.
, - largest membrane bound organelle, found usually in the cell's center.
The nucleus:
-main function: cell division, control of genetic info
an aqueous solution or cytosol, that fills the space between the nucleus and the plasma
Cytoplasm, or the cytoplasmic matrix, is:
membrane. It represents about half of the volume of the cell.
The organelles are suspended in the: cytoplasm and are enclosed in biologic membranes.
RNA-protein complexes
Ribosomes are:
responsible for protein synthesis.
network of tubular channels or cisternae that extend throughout the outer nuclear membrane.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) - responsible for the synthesis, folding, and transport of protein and lipid components of most
of the organelles, as well as in sensing cellular stress.
smooth membranes and vesicles located near the nucleus.
Golgi complex responsible for processing and packaging proteins into secretory vesicles that break away
from the Golgi complex and migrate to a variety of intracellular and extracellular destinations,
including the plasma membrane.
digestive enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for digesting most cellular substances to
Lysosomes are saclike structures that contain:
their basic form, such as amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates /sugars.
lysosomal enzymes, causing cellular self-digestion. They also serve as signaling hubs in a
Cellular injury leads to a release of the:
network for cellular adaptation.
Peroxisomes appear similar to lysosomes but several enzymes that either produce or use hydrogen peroxide and their reactions detoxify
contain: waste products.
metabolic machinery necessary for cellular energy metabolism. The enzymes of the respiratory
Mitochondria contain the : chain /electron-transport chain, found in the inner membrane of the mitochondria, generate
most of the cell's ATP.
The cytoskeleton is the: "bone and muscle" of the cell and create the skeleton and action sites for transportation.
composed of a network of protein filaments, including microtubules and actin filaments
The internal skeleton of the cytoskeleton is:
/microfilaments. They also form cell extensions such as microvilli, cilia, flagella.
by controlling the movement of substances across it, exerts a powerful influence on metabolic
The plasma membrane encloses the cell and:
pathways.
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