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NSG 3100 EXAM 3 GALEN COLLEGE
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NSG 3100 EXAM 3 GALEN COLLEGE
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NSG 3100 EXAM 3 GALEN COLLEGEWhat is enuresis? - ANSWER Involuntary urination in children beyond the age when
normal bladder control is established
What is secondary enuresis? - ANSWER Child who has established proper bladder
control for a period of 6 months, but who has since lapsed back to wetting the bed
What factors may cause secondary enuresis? (4) - ANSWER 1. Constipation
2. Stress
3. Illness
4. Poor daytime voiding habits
A decrease in kidney function puts the patient at risk for what? - ANSWER Toxicity
from medication if excretion rates are longer
The most noticeable changes with age are related to what? - ANSWER Bladder
(urgency & frequency)
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in men? - ANSWER Enlarged
prostate gland
What causes changes in urinary urgency & frequency in women? - ANSWER
Weakened muscles supporting the bladder and of the urethral sphincter after
menopause (results from decreased estrogen levels)
What interventions could be done to help the patient have more consistent urination?
(5) - ANSWER 1. Medications
2. Surgery
3. Behavioral training
4. Safe/easy access to bathroom
5. Habit training (scheduled time)
Urinary habits depend on what? (3) - ANSWER 1. Social cultural
2. Personal habits
3. Physical abilities
Which factors affect urination? (7) - ANSWER 1. Developmental
2. Psychosocial
3. Fluid & food intake
4. Medications
5. Muscle tone
6. Pathologic conditions
7. Surgical & diagnostic procedures
Urinary elimination is affected by what? (5) - ANSWER 1. Kidneys
2. Ureters
3. Bladder
,4. Urethra
5. Pelvic floor
How do medications affect urination? - ANSWER 1. Meds affecting ANS cause
retention
2. Diuretics increase urine formation by preventing reabsorption of water &
electrolytes
How does muscle tone affect urination? - ANSWER Muscle tone is needed to
maintain the stretch & contractility of the detrusor muscle so the bladder can fill &
empty completely
What is the difference between stress & urge incontinence? - ANSWER Stress: loss
of urine control during activities that increase intra-abdominal pressure (coughing,
sneezing, laughing, or exercise)
Urge: a sudden strong urge to void, followed by a rapid bladder contraction
What is overflow incontinence? - ANSWER Inability to empty bladder completely,
resulting in a constant dribbling of urine or frequency in urination
How does alcohol increase urination? - ANSWER Inhibits the production of ADH
What is the average daily fluid output for an adult? (mL) - ANSWER 1,400-1,500 mL
What is the average daily fluid intake for an adult? (mL) - ANSWER 1,200-1,500 mL
How much fluid are adults SUPPOSED to intake? (mL) - ANSWER 2,500 mL
What is insensible fluid loss? - ANSWER The amount of fluid lost on a daily basis
from the lungs, skin, respiratory tract, and water excreted in the feces; the exact
amount cannot be measured
What is obligatory water loss? - ANSWER Fluid loss that is required to maintain
normal body function; necessary for temp regulation and elimination of waste
products
How much fluid is lost through obligatory losses daily? (mL) - ANSWER 1,300 mL
How often do infants urinate a day? - ANSWER Around 20 times
How often does a school-aged child urinate? - ANSWER 6-8 times a day
How does ADH increase water reabsorption into the blood? (5) - ANSWER 1. Blood
osmolality increases
2. Osmoreceptors in hypothalamus stimulate posterior pituitary to secrete ADH
3. ADH increases distal tubule permeability
4. Increase of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output decreases
, How does ADH decrease water reabsorption into the blood? - ANSWER 1. Blood
osmolality decreases
2. ADH is
3. ADH causes distal tubule to become less permeable to water
4. Decrease of water reabsorption of H2O
5. Urine output increases
Whats the normal range for urine specific gravity - ANSWER 1.005-1.030
True or False: When testing for fecal occult blood, a green color indicates a guaiac
positive result. - ANSWER False, should be blue
How do you obtain a sterile urine specimen from a patient with an indwelling
catheter? - ANSWER Use a syringe to withdraw urine from the catheter tubing
An x-ray of the abdomen visualizing the kidneys, ureters, and bladder is known as
what? - ANSWER KUB
What is an echcardiogram? - ANSWER Visualization of the structures of the heart by
using ultrasound
What does MRI stand for? - ANSWER Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Thoracentesis is removal of fluid from where? - ANSWER Pleural space
A noninvasive method of estimating bladder volume would be what? - ANSWER
Bladder scanner
Your urine should smell like what? - ANSWER Aromatic
What is normal BUN levels? - ANSWER 10-20
What is the normal urine output per hour? - ANSWER 30 mL
Urge incontinence is due to what? - ANSWER An overactive bladder
Stress incontinence is when what? - ANSWER Urine leaks when you laugh, cough,
or sneeze
The presence of ketones in the urine indicates what? - ANSWER Rapid breakdown
of fat
What is the normal creatinine level for males? - ANSWER 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
Why should you void immediately after sex? - ANSWER To avoid getting a UTI
True or False: CAUTI's are reimbursed by medicare/medicaid. - ANSWER False
After seeing the flow of urine through the tube, how much further should you insert
the foley catheter? - ANSWER 5cm (2in)
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