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Med-surg - Chapter 18. Cancer Questions and Answers Fully Solved
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Med-surg - Chapter 18. Cancer
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Med-surg - Chapter 18. Cancer1. The nurse is preparing a client for a biopsy of a lump in the right breast and the client
asks
the nurse about the difference between a benign tumor and a malignant tumor. Which of
the following responses by the nurse is correct?
a. "Benign tumors do not cause damage to other tissues."
b. "Benign tumors are likely to recur in the same location."
c. "Malignant tumors may spread to other tissues or organs."
d. "Malignant cells reproduce more rapidly than normal cells." – answer ANS: C
The major difference between benign and malignant tumors is that malignant tumors
invade adjacent tissues and spread to distant tissues and benign tumors never
metastasize.
The other statements are inaccurate. Both types of tumors may cause damage to
adjacent
tissues. Malignant cells do not reproduce more rapidly than normal cells. Benign tumors
do not usually recur.
2. The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intravesical bladder chemotherapy.
Which
of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor for in this client?
a. Nausea
b. Alopecia
c. Mucositis
d. Hematuria – answer ANS: D
The adverse effects of intravesical chemotherapy are confined to the bladder. The other
adverse effects are associated with systemic chemotherapy.
3. The nurse in the outpatient clinic is caring for a client who smokes heavily. To reduce
the
client's risk of dying from lung cancer, which of the following actions will be best for the
nurse to take?
a. Educate the client about the seven warning signs of cancer.
b. Plan to monitor the client's carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level.
c. Discuss the risks associated with cigarettes during every client encounter.
d. Teach the client about the use of annual chest x-rays for lung cancer screening. -
answerANS: C
Education about the risks associated with cigarette smoking is recommended at every
client encounter, since cigarette smoking is associated with multiple health problems. A
, tumour must be at least 0.5 cm large before it is detectable by current screening
methods
and may already have metastasized by that time. Oncofetal antigens such as CEA may
be
used to monitor therapy or detect tumour reoccurrence, but are not helpful in screening
for
cancer. The seven warning signs of cancer are actually associated with fairly advanced
disease.
4. After the nurse has finished teaching a client who is scheduled to receive external
beam
radiation for abdominal cancer about appropriate diet, which dietary selection by the
client indicates that the teaching has been effective?
a. Fresh fruit salad
b. Roasted chicken
c. Whole wheat toast
d. Cream of potato soup - answerANS: B
To minimize the diarrhea that is commonly associated with bowel radiation, the client
should avoid foods high in roughage, such as fruits and whole grains. Lactose
intolerance
may develop secondary to radiation, so dairy products also should be avoided.
5. During a routine health examination, a client tells the nurse about a family history of
colon
cancer. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next?
a. Educate the client about the need for a colonoscopy at age 50.
b. Teach the client how to do home testing for fecal occult blood.
c. Obtain more information from the client about the family history.
d. Schedule a sigmoidoscopy to provide baseline data about the client. - answerANS: C
The client may be at increased risk for colon cancer, but the nurse's first action should
be
further assessment. The other actions may be appropriate, depending on the
information
that is obtained from the client with further questioning.
6. When reviewing the chart for a client with cervical cancer, the nurse notes that the
cancer
is staged as Tis, N0, M0. Which of the following statements is accurate related to this
staging?
a. The cancer is localized to the cervix.
b. The cancer cells are well differentiated.
c. Further testing is needed to determine the spread of the cancer.
d. It is difficult to determine the original site of the cervical cancer. - answerANS: A
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