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ap gov court cases, amendments, clauses, and foundational documents questions with answers.
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ap gov court cases, amendments,clauses, and foundational documents
questions with answers.
McCulloch v. Maryland ANS - Maryland imposes taxes on second bank of the United States. cashier of
bank refuses to pay. Result: Congress has power to incorporate banks and Maryland cannot tax
instruments of the fed. gov. necessary and proper clause (unanimous)
United States v. Lopez ANS - Student walks into school with gun, gun was taken away. 5-4 decision,
"congress stretched its commerce power too far", 1st time supreme court restricted the fed gov't's
power
Baker v. Carr ANS - More people in urban areas but less representation. 6-2 decision, "the denial of
equal protection should entitle a person to a trial", established 1 person 1 vote principle
Shaw v. Reno ANS - North Carolina has 1 minority district, Reno sends it back asking for 2. 5-4 decision,
"this directly violates the equal rights clause". majority minority districts are determined on a case by
case basis.
Marbury v. Madison ANS - Thomas jefferson witheld Marbury's judgement commission that was
formalized in the last days of adams' administration. 5-0 decision, established the doctrine of Judicial
Review
Engel v. Vitale ANS - short voluntary prayer at the start of each school day. 6-1 decision, violated the
establishment clause and there is a pressure to agree. prioritized individual liberty over government
interest
Wisconsin v. Yoder ANS - Amish fathers refused to enroll children in school after 8th grade. 7-0
decision, free exercise overrides the state's efforts to promote health and safety. Individual liberty to
worship freely outweighed the states interest to attend school.
, Tinker v. DesMoines ANS - Students wore black arm bands to school and were suspended. 7-2 decision,
suspension failed the time, place, and manner test. broadened the rights of students in school as long as
there is no disruption.
Schenck v. United States ANS - Distributed leaflets protesting WW1. 9-0 decision, upheld the
government's right to convict citizens for certain speech. can limit free speech during war time.
NY Times Co. vs. United States ANS - A news source published confidential information about America's
involvement in Vietnam, and was later sued by Nixon. 6-3 decision, government does not have prior
restraint. victory for freedom of press.
McDonald v. Chicago ANS - A US city required gun owners to register their guns although provided no
means to get registered. 5-4 decision, selective incoproration encourages the court to require state and
local gov'ts to follow bill of rights. Extends 2nd amendment rights at state and local levels.
Gideon v. Wainwright ANS - Man arrested for breaking into pool hall is awarded no free lawyer and
goes to jail as a result. 9-0 decision, no logical basis to make a distinction between a capital offense and
non capital offense. Lawyer to be provided to anyone who can't provide their own.
Roe v. Wade ANS - State law prevents woman from seeking an abortion. 7-2 decision, state criminal
abortion laws violate due process clause. Furthers right to privacy, revived substantive due process
clause.
Brown v. Board of Education ANS - Public school system refuses to enroll black elementary school
student and suggested a segregated school instead. 9-0 decision, "seperate but equal" has no place in
education. Overturned Plessy v. Ferguson.
Citizens United v. FEC ANS - Highly controversial film of Clinton was made and published before a large
election. 5-4 decision, violated the 1st amendment free speech clause. Corporations can spend
unlimited money in elections and created super PACs.
first amendment ANS - 5 freedoms: speech, press, religion, assembly, petition
second amendment ANS - right to bear arms
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