APMLE Part 1 Exam- Pharm Test || With Complete Solutions (100% Accurate)
0 view 0 purchase
Course
APMLE
Institution
APMLE
APMLE Part 1 Exam- Pharm Test || With Complete Solutions (100% Accurate)
APMLE Part 1 Exam- Pharm Test || With Complete Solutions (100% Accurate)
Erythromycin - ANSWER - Macrolide antibiotic: *inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S)*; activity includes gram− positive cocci and bacilli:
*Used...
APMLE Part 1 Exam- Pharm Test
|| With Complete Solutions (100%
Accurate)
CONCEPTIAL RESEARCH | conceptialresearch@gmail.com
,APMLE Part 1 Exam- Pharm Test || With
Complete Solutions (100% Accurate)
Erythromycin - ANSWER - Macrolide antibiotic: *inhibitor of protein synthesis (50S)*;
activity includes gram− positive cocci and bacilli:
Foscarnet - ANSWER - *Antiviral*: structural mimic of the anion *pyrophosphate*
that selectively inhibits the pyrophosphate binding site on *viral DNA polymerases* at
concentrations that do not affect human DNA polymerases.
*effective against CMV and HSV* (including TK− strains); PP analog.
Tox: electrolyte imbalance (chelates and increases Ca and Mg wasting),
nephrotoxicity
Ganciclovir - ANSWER - Antiviral: effective against CMV; *requires bioactivation via
thymidine kinase.* Ganciclovir triphosphate is a competitive *inhibitor of
deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP) incorporation into DNA* and preferentially
inhibits viral DNA polymerases more than cellular DNA polymerases.
Tox: myelosuppression, nephrotoxicity
Gentamicin
Tobramycin
Amikacin
neomycin
netilmicin
Streptomycin - ANSWER - Aminoglycoside prototype: *bactericidal inhibitor of
protein synthesis (30S)*; Active against many aerobic gram−negative bacteria.
Anaerobes are resistant, do not have O2 pumps, to get drug into bug.
*Penicillin is used to open pores in cell wall which promote entry of aminoglycosides
into to cell to bind to ribosomes. (GTQ)*
Narrow Therapeutic of index, peak and trough. = *Tox: Ototoxicity (cochlear) out hair
cell destruction in the organ of corti, Vestibular toxicity (balance)*: Think ringing/
tennitus, deafness, vertigo, high fq hearing loss.
Imipenem
Meropenem - ANSWER - Antibiotic: carbapenem *(all have "penem" in name)* - all
given IV. Betalactam active against many aerobic and anaerobic bacteria including
penicillinase−producing organisms; a bactericidal inhibitor of cell wall synthesis.
, *Used with cilastatin* (which inhibits metabolism by renal dehydropeptidases).
Otherwise toxic metabolite in kidney.
Tox: allergy (partial cross−reactivity with penicillins), seizures (overdose)
*Meropenum* more stable, less toxic, no need to use w/ cilastatin.
Indi*navir* - ANSWER - Antiviral; *HIV protease inhibitor* used as component of
combination regimens in AIDS.
Tox: anemia, nephrolithiasis, inhibits P−450 drug metabolism reactions. Other
protease inhibitors: ritonavir, nelfinavir, saquinavir
Interferon−α - ANSWER - Important cytokine for the treatment of hepatitis B and C
infection.
Isoniazid - ANSWER - Antimycobacterial: primary drug in combination regimens (6-
12mo) for tuberculosis (TB); used as sole agent in prophylaxis - *Inhibits synthesis of
mycolic acids*
Metabolic clearance via N−acetyltransferases (*genetic variability -
pharmacogenomics* between slow and fast acetylators - *slow accumulates drugs,
peripheral neuropathy)*
Tox: hepatotoxicity (age−dependent), *peripheral neuropathy (reversed by
pyridoxine aka B6)*, hemolysis (in G6PD deficiency)
Ketoconazole - ANSWER - *Antifungal azole* prototype: active systemically; inhibits
the synthesis of ergosterol in fungus (part of fungal cell membrane).
Used for C.Albicans, dermatophytes and for non−life−threatening systemic mycoses.
Tox: hepatic dysfunction, inhibits steroid synthesis and P450−dependent drug
metabolism
Metronidazole - ANSWER - Antiprotozoal antibiotic: drug of choice in extraluminal
amebiasis and trichomoniasis; active against bacterial anaerobes including B fragilis
and in antibiotic−induced colitis due to C difficile. *It is the drug of choice for first
episodes of mild-to-moderate Clostridium difficile infection.*
Nafcillin - ANSWER - Penicillinase−resistant penicillin prototype: used for suspected
or known staphylococcal infections; not active against methicillin−resistant
staphylococci.
Tox: penicillin allergy
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller conceptialresearchers. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $12.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
