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APMLE Step 1: GA, LEA, Pharm, Micro, Immunity Comprehensive Exam || With 100% Accurate Solutions $18.99   Add to cart

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APMLE Step 1: GA, LEA, Pharm, Micro, Immunity Comprehensive Exam || With 100% Accurate Solutions

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APMLE Step 1: GA, LEA, Pharm, Micro, Immunity Comprehensive Exam || With 100% Accurate Solutions APMLE Step 1: GA, LEA, Pharm, Micro, Immunity Comprehensive Exam || With 100% Accurate Solutions what nerve is classically compressed with the improper use of crutches - ANSWER - radial nerve the...

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  • October 5, 2024
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APMLE Step 1: GA, LEA,
Pharm, Micro, Immunity
Comprehensive Exam || With
100% Accurate Solutions
Conceptial Research || conceptialresearch@gmail.com

,APMLE Step 1: GA, LEA, Pharm, Micro,
Immunity Comprehensive Exam || With
100% Accurate Solutions
what nerve is classically compressed with the improper use of crutches - ANSWER -
radial nerve

the radial nerve splits into the __________ and __________ branches distal to the
elbow - ANSWER - superficial and deep

the superficial branch of the radial nerve innervates what - ANSWER - cutaneous
innervation--dorsal thumb and lateral dorsum of hand

the palmar thumb cutaneous innervation is by - ANSWER - median nerve

compression of the median nerve happens in... - ANSWER - carpal tunnel syndrome

whats one way the ulnar nerve can be damaged - ANSWER - fracture of the hook of
hamate

what two nerves supply cutaneous innervation to the palmar hand - ANSWER - ulnar
and median nerves

what is thoracic outlet syndrome - ANSWER - narrowing of the posterior triangle of
the neck causing compression of the subclavian artery and brachial plexus

what are the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck - ANSWER - first rib,
anterior scalene, middle scalene

what is the most frequently fractured bone in the body - ANSWER - CLAVICLE

what are the 3 trunks of the brachial plexus and what ventral rami contribute -
ANSWER - SUPERIOR--C5, C6
MIDDLE-- C7 only
INFERIOR-- C8, T1

what are the 6 divisions of the brachial plexus - ANSWER - each of the trunks has an
anterior and posterior division

what are the 3 cords of the brachial plexus (which are named by their relation to the
axillary artery) and what do they contribute to - ANSWER - POSTERIOR: axillary
nerve, radial nerve
LATERAL: Musculocutaneous nerve, part of median nerve
MEDIAL: Ulnar nerve, part of median nerve

what are the 5 terminal branches of the brachial plexus - ANSWER -
musculocutaneous (C5-C7)

,axillary (C5-6)
radial (C5-T1)
median (C5-T1)
ulnar (C8,T1)

Erb's palsy (Waiter's tip) may result from? - ANSWER - lesion of UPPER TRUNK
(C5-C6)
can happen after delivery

an injury to roots C5 and C6 will affect what terminal branches - ANSWER -
musculocutaneous (C5-C7), axillary (C5-C6), median (C5-T1), and radial (C5-T1)
nerves

what muscle is NOT affected by Erb's palsy and why - ANSWER - Latissimus dorsi--
b/c innervated by throacodorsal (mid subscapular nerve) which is from C7 mostly

what muscles are affected in Erb's palsy - ANSWER - deltoid
*Rotator cuff muscles:* SItS - supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor,
subscapularis
*Arm flexor:* Coracobrachialis
*Elbow flexors:* Biceps brachii, brachialis
*Wrist extensors:* Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis,
extensor carpi ulnaris

RESULT: action of latissimus dorsi on shoulder is unopposed resulting in the arm
hanging by the side (adduction) with internal (medial) rotation.

winged scapula - ANSWER - lesion of long thoracic nerve (s/p mastectomy with
axillary lymph node dissection)

what muscle is innervated by the long thoracic nerve - ANSWER - serratus anterior

what ventral rami contribute to long thoracic nerve - ANSWER - C5,6,7

Klumpke's palsy and how it presents - ANSWER - lesion of lower trunk (C8-T1)
CLAW hand

what can cause klumpke's palsy - ANSWER - ob: arm traction and abduction during
delivery
adults: grasping for a ledge when falling from a height

what does the lower trunk lesion affect? - ANSWER - wrist flexors
intrinsic muscles of the hand

if lower trunk lesion involves sympathetic trunk/ganglia - ANSWER - HORNER'S
SYNDROME: miosis, anhidrosis, ptosis

actions of serratus anterior - ANSWER - protraction, stabilization, upward rotation of
scapula, aid in respiration in exercise

, result of lesion of long thoracic nerve - ANSWER - inability to raise arms above 90
degrees, MEDIAL winging of scapula

Klebisella - ANSWER - • causes lobar pneumonia
• capsule with currant jelly sputum

EHEC
- O157: H7 shiga-like toxin - ANSWER - •Hemolytic-uremic syndrome
•thrombocytopenia

EPEC - ANSWER - • flattens villi = prevents absorption
• Pediatrics

ETEC - ANSWER - heat Labile/Stable bacteria w/o inflammation or necrosis

EIEC - ANSWER - Invasive dysentery + necrosis

Pseudonas aeruginosa - ANSWER - • Wound/burn infections
• cystic fibrosis pneumonia
• swimmer's ear
• Osteomyelitis

H. Influenzae - ANSWER - Causes cherry red epiglottitis in children

Meningococci - ANSWER - Cause of Waterhouse-fridrechsen syndrome

• Penicillin G
• Vancomycin - ANSWER - which 2 antibiotics are ineffective against Gram(-)
bacilli ?

Listeria monocytogens
*only gram (+) that produces LPS - ANSWER - Pregnant woman has a spontaneous
abortion after eating unpasteurized meat/dairy. Which organism?

*A*- enterotoxin binds to gut
*B*- Cytotoxin causes action depolymerization and pseudomembranous colitis -
ANSWER - C. difficile produces 2 toxins. what are they and what do they do?

*Srep pneumoniae*
•Meningitis
• Ottis media
• Pneumonia
• Sinisitis - ANSWER - lancet shaped gram (+) diplococci w/ CAPSULE. which
diseases will it cause?

• Cornybacterium Diptheriae - ANSWER - • Chinese letter configuration
• Gray pseudomembranes on back of throat
• Gram(+) club shaped rods with metachromatic granules
• myocarditis

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