1. Community-oriented nursing: Oriented around the community or
population. Primarily focused on health promotion rather than illness
care, in a whole group of people rather than individuals.
2. Community Based Nursing: Based in the community. Illness care OF
individuals IN the community. Home health care, hospice, schools,
occupational health. Illness care instead of health promotion and health
maintenance. Individuals as opposed to communities and populations.
3. Public Health: A specialty of community-oriented nursing. Combination
of nurs- ing and public health science, health promotion and
maintenance. Focused mostly on primarily and secondary prevention of
acute and chronic illness with devastating consequences and the
prevention of injuries and illnesses that lead to early death. More policy
making and execution than direct nursing care. Policy making guided by
1/
,epidemiology and statistics.
4. Behavior modification: The most effective method of preventing
premature illness and death is through health-related
(alcohol, tobacco, drug use, seatbelts, helmets, exercise, wellness
visits, etc.)
5. Behavior Modification: About 70% of what makes us sick/kills us early
can be prevented through health related
6. Primary Prevention: Primary is Prevention: Prevention of the problem
before it ever occurs; prevention of illness or injury, like helmet or seat
belt campaigns, or immunizations.
7. Secondary Prevention: Secondary is Screening. Early identification for
early intervention. Early detection preventing complications, attempt to
reverse the course. Routine screening recommendations (mammogram,
yearly blood pressure screen- ing, pap smears)
8. Tertiary Prevention: Tertiary is Treatment. Management of disease to
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, reduce the symptoms and improve quality of life. Medications, low Na+
diet, checking blood glucose in diabetic, weight loss for someone with
HTN or T2DM, etc.
9. Uninsured and underinsured: these individuals generally receive less
preven- tive care , are Dx'd at more advanced stages of disease, and
receive fewer thera- peutic care once Dx'd than those with high quality
health insurance.
10.Affordable Care Act: This law improved access to healthcare through
providing government subsidies for those who couldn't afford employer
based or private insurance and through mandates that required
individuals to carry health insurance or be penalized. It did not reduce
the costs of high tech medical care. It shifted the focus toward
population level interventions. it also expanded Medicaid eligibility.
11.Uninsured individuals, access to quality health care based on insured
status, longer life expectancy, baby boomers, affordable care act,
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