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Walden University Midterm Exam - NURS-6501N Advanced Pathophysiology Latest Updates 2024/2025
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Walden University Midterm Exam - NURS-6501N Advanced Pathophysiology Latest Updates 2024/2025
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Walden University Midterm Exam -NURS-6501N Advanced
Pathophysiology Latest Updates
2024/2025
Question
Which of the following statements best describes the Glagov phenomenon in
the context of atherosclerotic disease?
O Vessel wall diameter increases indefinitely with plaque growth to
cause stenosis of the vessel
Vessel wall remodeling occurs in response to early plaque
accumulation without causing significant luminal stenosis
Plaque calcification stabilizes the vessel wall, preventing lumen
obstruction despite increasing plaque size
Blood flow is enhanced in response to plaque deposition as a result of
angiogenesis around the obstructed vessel
Correct Answer: Vessel wall remodeling occurs in response to early plaque
accumulation without causing significant luminal stenosis.
Question
Which endocrine disorder is associated with decreased bone resorption and
consequent thickening of the bone (osteosclerosis)?
Diabetes mellitus
Hypoparathyroidism
Cushing Syndrome
Hyperthyroidism
Correct Answer: Hypoparathyroidism
,Question
A middle-aged construction worker has spent the last 25 years using a
jackhammer to cut up sidewalks but has consistently refused to wear
protective equipment. He now presents with worsening shortness of breath,
and a chest X-ray reveals diffuse fibrosis in his lung tissue. What type of lung
disease would be anticipated by pulmonary function testing (PFT) in this
case?
Obstructive lung disease
Restrictive lung disease
Asthma-like lung disease
No lung disease would be detectable by PFT.
Correct Answer: Restrictive lung disease
Question
A patient is admitted to the hospital with severe sepsis secondary to
bacterial pneumonia. Which of the following types of cell death is most likely
to be associated with this patient’s condition?
Necrosis
Apoptosis
Pyroptosis
Autophagy
Correct Answer: Necrosis
Question
A ventricular septal defect, with blood flow from the left ventricle to the right
ventricle, is an example of which type of cardiac pathology?
Shunted flow
, Regurgitant flow
Flow obstruction
Pump failure
Correct Answer: Shunted flow
Question
A patient with diverticulosis presents with brisk, bright red bleeding per
rectum. The patient denies any abdominal pain. Which term accurately
describes this presentation, and where is the most likely source of the
bleeding?
Melena; lower gastrointestinal tract
Melena; upper gastrointestinal tract
Hematochezia; lower gastrointestinal tract
Hematochezia; upper gastrointestinal tract
Correct Answer: Hematochezia; lower gastrointestinal tract
Question
A patient presents with left lower quadrant abdominal pain, fever, vomiting,
and leukocytosis. These clinical features are most indicative of which
condition?
Diverticulitis
Acute cholecystitis
Diverticulosis
Appendicitis
Correct Answer: Diverticulitis
Question
, Autophagy serves a variety of cellular functions but is NOT responsible for
which of the following?
Normal cell turnover
Protein synthesis
Normal cell metabolism
Tissue atrophy
Correct Answer: Protein synthesis
Question
Which immunosuppressive medication is commonly utilized to prevent
rejection after organ transplantation and operates primarily through the
inhibition of the mTOR pathway, which is instrumental in regulating the
transcription and translation of autophagy-related genes (Atg)?
Mycophenolate mofetil
Rapamycin
Cyclosporine
Correct Answer: Rapamycin
Question
In infective endocarditis, valvular vegetations are formed from an
aggregation of various components. Which of the following is the correct
combination that constitutes these vegetations?
Bacteria, platelets, fibrin, and inflammatory cells
Bacteria, erythrocytes, collagen, and platelets
Viruses, fibroblasts, fibrinogen, and endothelial cells
Fungi, leukocytes, proteoglycans, and immunoglobulins
Correct Answer: Bacteria, platelets, fibrin, and inflammatory cells
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