Chamberlain University
Chamberlain University
NR- 565 Advanced Pharmacology
NUR 546 Psychopharmacology
Fundamentals for the
Psychiatric-
NR-Mental Health Nurse
565 Midterm ExamPractitioner
NUR 546 Final
Course Title and Number: NUR 546 Psychopharmacology for the
Course Title and Number:
Psychiatric-Mental NUR Practitioner
Health Nurse 546 Psychopharmacology for the
Psychiatric-Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
Exam Title: NR 565 Midterm and Final
Exam Title: NUR 546 Final
Exam Date: Midterm and Final Exam 2024- 2025
Exam Date: Final Exam 2024- 2025
Instructor: [Insert Instructor’s Name]
Instructor: [Insert Instructor’s Name]
Student Name: [Insert Student’s Name]
Student Name: [Insert Student’s Name]
Student ID: [Insert Student ID]
Student ID: [Insert Student ID]
Midterm and Final Examination
Final
180Examination
minutes
180 minutes
Instructions:
Instructions:
1. 1.Read each
Read eachquestion carefully.
question carefully.
2. 2.Answer
Answerallall
questions.
questions.
3. 3.Use the
Use provided
the providedanswer
answer sheet toto
sheet mark your
mark responses.
your responses.
4. 4.Ensure all answers are final before submitting the
Ensure all answers are final before submitting the exam.
exam.
Good
GoodLuck!
Luck!
NR- 565 Advanced Pharmacology Fundamentals
2024 – 2025 NR- 565 Midterm Actual Exam Review
Questions with Answers and Rationales | 100% Pass |
,G-Protien coupled receptors and how they interact with
drugs - Answer>> G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR)
interact with drugs through 7 regions of proteins that
span and innervate the cell membrane and trap the
molecule into the receptor site like an interwoven
basket (Insel & Sriram, 2018). Drugs can then enter this
space and interact with the GRCP. A specific interaction
and binding with a site on one or more of the regions of
proteins within the GPCR, and drugs bound with the
GRCP can stimulate the release of G proteins that can
interact with various effector proteins to create
physiological responses within the body (Insel & Sriram,
2018). This process occurs through secondary
messengers (such as cAMP) which creates the
extracellular interactions produced by the drug binding
to the GRCP.
What neurotransmitters are excitatory? - Answer>>
amino acids such as glycine, aspartate, and glutamate
are excitatory (Woo & Robinson, p.16, 2016).
Which is the most common CYP enzyme in the body?
What role does it play? - Answer>> According to the
textbook, the CYP3A4 is the most important enzyme in
the body. CYP3A4 is responsible for the metabolism of
more than 50% of medications and is considered a
major drug metabolizing enzyme. CYP3A4 can be found
in the liver, as well as the lining of the GI tract. Due to
this location, food can also influence this CYP. One
example of this is grapefruit juice, which can inhibit
CYP3A4. Medications that are metabolized by CYP3A4
,include antimicrobials, calcium channel blockers,
antihistamines, anticonvulsants, azole antifungals, and
corticosteroids (Woo, & Robinson, 2016).
What is the clinical significance of being an ultra-rapid
CYP2D6 metabolizer? - Answer>> People who are ultra-
rapid metabolizers have high activity of CYP2D6
enzymes that break down certain medicines rapidly and
are likely to need different doses or even a different
medicine. Drug dose, response, and toxicity risk of
beta-blockers, antidepressants, antiarrhythmics, and
opioid analgesics are dependent on CYP2D6
pharmacogenetics (Ayazseven et al., 2020). Knowing
the result of the CYP2D6 test and which group the
patient falls into such as poor metabolizers,
intermediate metabolizers, or ultra-rapid metabolizers,
will help nurse practitioners prescribe the right
medication and dosage for the patient.
What would be the concern if a drug is a
CYP450indicer? How that might affect the metabolism
of another drug the patient is taking? - Answer>>
Cytochrome P450 enzymes are in cells throughout the
body, primarily found in liver cells (Girvan & Munro,
2016). These enzymes are essential for the metabolism
of many medications. Cytochrome P450 enzymes can
act as an inducer or inhibitor of metabolism. When a
medication induces the CYP450 enzyme that increases
the rate of metabolism (Girvan & Munro, 2016). This
can impact the effectiveness of other medications. For
example, medication A induces CYP450 enzyme
activity, therefore medication B will be metabolized
quicker and have a less therapeutic effect.
Explain the significance of a drug being an inhibitor of
P-glycoprotein? (see text) - Answer>> P-glycoprotein
(P-gp) is the main barrier of the body and it affects the
, proper delivery of drugs and causes drug resistance in
our body. P-gp is an efflux membrane transporter, that
can be found throughout the body and it controls the
cellular uptake and the distribution of synthetic
substances, chemicals, and toxins. Drugs are chemicals
and P-gp hinders the absorption, permeability, and
retention of the drugs, extruding them out of the cells.
This adversely affects drug therapies and fails to yield
good results, for example in therapies like using chemo
agents in cancer treatments. In this case, proper
inhibition of P-gp is important to increase cellular
uptake, transport, and half-lives of drugs. The drug is
an inhibitor of P-gp that would help in the cost-effective
treatment for disease conditions without wasting an
extra amount of medicines. It will help to shorten the
treatment time and speedy recovery of the patient
(Abebe et al., 2019; Woo & Robinson, 2016).
Significance of a VCORC1 mutation for patients taking
warfarin? - Answer>> In 2008, the U.S Food and Drug
Administration updated the dosing of warfarin to
include the application of pharmacogenomics. Variable
metabolism by CYP2C9 was once known as the major
contributor to the variable response to warfarin.
However, a mutation in VCORC1 has been found to
account for much more variability in warfarin responses
and can cause a rare syndrome of warfarin resistance.
A mutation in VCORC1 encodes a subunit of the vitamin
K epoxide reductase complex ,the pharmacological
target for warfarin, and increases the chances of
uncontrolled bleeding (Woo & Robinson, 2016).
Therefore, if providers have information about the
presence of this mutation, they may decide to decrease
the dosage of Coumadin for their patient.
What out text has to say about National Standards of
Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services? -
