identification
dentification of students who may have disabilities is the first purpose of
assessment. Two identification procedures are used: screening and
prereferral strategies.
referral
When potential problems are detected, students are referred for a more
in-depth evaluation.
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prereferral strategies
Prereferral interventions begin when a general education teacher consults
with others at the school site about a student experiencing difficulty in
school. Information is gathered about the student's performance in areas
of concern and about the instructional environment.
screening
Screening is a large-scale data collection activity used to quickly identify
those students out of the entire school population who may be in need of
further study. (Fall, winter, spring)
determination of eligibility
eligibility is based on two interrelated criteria: the student must have a
school performance problem, and that problem must be related to a
disability.
evaluation (also program evaluation)
, Federal special education laws require that the IEP of all students with
disabilities be reviewed periodically. School staff and parents examine the
progress of the student and the results of the program and decide if
special education services should be continued as is, modified, or
discontinued. In addition, the student's eligibility for special education
services is typically reviewed every 3 years.
Concepts (Two-pronged test)
Eligibility is based on two interrelated criteria:
1. the student must have a school performance problem
2. that problem must be related to a disability.
The five primary purposes of assessment
1. screening and identification: to screen children and identify those who
may be experiencing delays or learning problems
2. eligibility and diagnosis: to determine whether a child has a disability
and is eligible for special education services, and to diagnose the specific
nature of the student's problems or disability
3. IEP development and placement: to provide detailed information so that
an Individualized Education Program (IEP) may be developed and
appropriate decisions may be made about the child's educational
placement
4. instructional planning: to develop and plan instruction appropriate to
the child's special needs
5. evaluation: to evaluate student progress.
13 separate categories of disabilities under which children may be eligible
for special education and related services.
1. Autism Spectrum Disorder
2. Deaf-Blindness
3. Deafness
4. Emotional Disturbance
5. Hearing Impairment
6. Intellectual Disability
7. Multiple Disabilities
8. Orthopedic Impairment
9. Other Health Impairment
10. Specific Learning Disability
11. Speech or Language Impairment
12. Traumatic Brain Injury
13. Visual Impairment, including Blindness
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