,1. Which pharmacokinetic parameter is primarily altered in
renal failure, affecting drug clearance?
- a) Absorption
- b) Distribution
- c) Metabolism
- d) Elimination
- Correct Answer: d) Elimination
- Rationale: Renal failure primarily affects the
elimination of drugs, leading to increased levels and
prolonged action in the body.
2. Which of the following drugs requires therapeutic drug
monitoring due to its narrow therapeutic index?
- a) Metformin
- b) Warfarin
- c) Ibuprofen
- d) Amoxicillin
- Correct Answer: b) Warfarin
- Rationale: Warfarin has a narrow therapeutic index
necessitating regular monitoring of INR to avoid therapeutic
failure or toxicity.
, primarily by reducing heart rate and myocardial contractility.
4. Which of the following enzymes is inhibited by statins,
resulting in lowered cholesterol levels?
- a) ACE
- b) CYP3A4
- c) HMG-CoA reductase
- d) Thymidylate synthase
- Correct Answer: c) HMG-CoA reductase
- Rationale: Statins inhibit HMG-CoA reductase, the
rate-limiting enzyme in cholesterol biosynthesis.
5. Which adverse effect is associated with long-term
corticosteroid therapy?
- a) Hyponatremia
- b) Osteoporosis
- c) Hypokalemia
- d) Respiratory depression
- Correct Answer: b) Osteoporosis
- Rationale: Long-term corticosteroid therapy can lead
to decreased bone density and osteoporosis.
### Fill-in-the-Blank
6. Target ___________ is a significant consideration when
using biologic agents in the management of rheumatoid
arthritis.
- Answer: specificity
- Rationale: Specificity refers to targeting precise
molecules involved in the pathogenesis, minimizing
systemic effects.
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