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NURS 1140: Exam 1 Questions and Answers Already Passed What is pharmacokinetics? Pharmacokinetics refers to how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes a drug. What is the first-pass effect? The first-pass effect is the process where a drug is metabolized at a specific ...

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  • October 5, 2024
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NURS 1140: Exam 1 Questions and
Answers Already Passed
What is pharmacokinetics?


✔✔Pharmacokinetics refers to how the body absorbs, distributes, metabolizes, and excretes a

drug.




What is the first-pass effect?


✔✔The first-pass effect is the process where a drug is metabolized at a specific location in the

body, reducing its concentration before it reaches systemic circulation.




Why is half-life important in pharmacology?


✔✔Half-life determines how long it takes for the concentration of a drug to reduce by half in the

bloodstream, influencing dosage intervals.




What is the difference between an agonist and an antagonist?


✔✔An agonist binds to a receptor and activates it to produce a biological response, while an

antagonist blocks or dampens the receptor's action.




1

,What factors can influence drug absorption?


✔✔Factors include the route of administration, blood flow to the absorption site, and the drug’s

solubility and formulation.




How does protein binding affect drug action?


✔✔Drugs bound to plasma proteins are inactive and cannot exert therapeutic effects until they

are released into free form in the bloodstream.




What is the significance of therapeutic index in pharmacology?


✔✔The therapeutic index measures the safety margin of a drug, comparing its effective dose to

its toxic dose. A wider index indicates a safer drug.




How do liver enzymes affect drug metabolism?


✔✔Liver enzymes, primarily cytochrome P450, metabolize drugs, transforming them into more

water-soluble compounds for excretion.




What is bioavailability?


✔✔Bioavailability is the proportion of a drug that enters circulation and can have an active

effect after administration.

2

, Why are loading doses sometimes required?


✔✔Loading doses are given to quickly achieve a therapeutic drug concentration in the body,

especially when immediate drug action is needed.




What is the role of the kidneys in drug excretion?


✔✔The kidneys filter and excrete drugs and their metabolites from the body, primarily through

urine.




How does age affect drug metabolism and excretion?


✔✔Older adults often have reduced liver and kidney function, slowing drug metabolism and

excretion, leading to longer drug effects and possible toxicity.




What is polypharmacy, and why is it a concern?


✔✔Polypharmacy is the use of multiple medications by a patient, which can increase the risk of

drug interactions and adverse effects.




What is the difference between a side effect and an adverse effect?




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