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Turning Data into Information Using
ArcGIS 10 Practice Questions and
Answers |100% Pass
What is the fundamental problem with representing geographic data? - Answer✔✔-The world is
infinitely complex, so any digital representation of geographic phenomena is inherently incomplete.
Name the six types of spatial analysis. - Answer✔✔-Six types of spatial analysis are queries and
reasoning, measurements, transformations, descriptive summaries, optimization, and hypothesis testing.
Describe uncertainty associated with the raster data model. - Answer✔✔-In the raster data model,
spatial objects are defined as a set of contiguous cells with the same value. Because an individual cell
may store only one value, but in reality there may be a mix of values in the area represented by the cell,
the raster data model can distort the shape of spatial objects.
discrete object view - Answer✔✔-A way of representing geography in which the world is represented as
objects with well defined boundaries in empty space. In the discrete object view, geographic objects
have dimensionality and can be counted.
ecological fallacy - Answer✔✔-The assumption that an overall characteristic of a zone is also a
characteristic of any location or individual within the zone.
field view - Answer✔✔-A way of representing geography in which the world is represented as a
continuous surface made up of a finite number of variables, each one defined at every possible position.
Fields can be distinguished by what varies and how smoothly.
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Modifiable Areal Unit Problem (MAUP) - Answer✔✔-A problem in spatial analysis that occurs when
artificial units of reporting, such as administrative or political boundaries, are superimposed on
continuous phenomena, resulting in the creation of artificial spatial patterns.
raster - Answer✔✔-1. A spatial data model that defines space as an array of equally sized cells arranged
in rows and columns, and composed of single or multiple bands. Each cell contains an attribute value and
location coordinates. Unlike a vector structure, which stores coordinates explicitly, raster coordinates are
contained in the ordering of the matrix. Groups of cells that share the same value represent the same
type of geographic feature.
2. In ArcGIS, an in-memory representation of a raster dataset. A raster may exist in memory as a subset
of a raster dataset; it may have a different cell size than the raster dataset; or it may exist using a
different transformation than the raster dataset.
spatial analysis - Answer✔✔-The study of the locations and shapes of geographic features and the
relationships between them. Spatial analysis is useful when evaluating suitability, when making
predictions, and for gaining a better understanding of how geographic features and phenomena are
located and distributed.
spatial autocorrelation - Answer✔✔-A statistical measure that describes the extent to which the value of
an attribute at geographically referenced points changes as a function of the distance and orientation
between them.
spatial interpolation - Answer✔✔-The estimation of surface values at unsampled points based on known
surface values of surrounding points. Spatial interpolation can be used to estimate elevation, rainfall,
temperature, chemical dispersion, or other spatially-based phenomena. Spatial interpolation is
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FIRST PUBLISH SEPTEMBER 2024
commonly a raster operation, but it can also be done in a vector environment using a TIN surface model.
There are several well-known interpolation techniques, including inverse distance weighted and kriging.
vector - Answer✔✔-1. A coordinate-based data model that represents geographic features as points,
lines, and polygons. Each point feature is represented as a single coordinate pair, while line and polygon
features are represented as ordered lists of vertices. Attributes are associated with each vector feature,
as opposed to a raster data model, which associates attributes with grid cells.
2. Any quantity that has both magnitude and direction.
lattice - Answer✔✔-A representation of a surface using an array of regularly spaced sample points (mesh
points) that are referenced to a common origin and have a constant sampling distance in the x and y
directions. Each mesh point contains the z-value at that location, which is referenced to a common base
z-value, such as sea level. Z-values for locations between lattice mesh points can be approximated by
interpolation based on neighboring mesh points.
What are the six advantages that GIS maps have over paper maps? - Answer✔✔-The six advantages of
GIS maps over paper maps are variable scale, variable extent, animation, 3-D, supplementation, and
customization.
Name the four basic classification schemes available in ArcGIS. - Answer✔✔-Four basic classification
schemes are natural breaks, quantile breaks, equal interval breaks, and standard deviation breaks.
Describe the three principle purposes of scientific visualization. - Answer✔✔-The three principle
purposes of visualization are interpretation, validation, and exploration. Interpretation enables the user
to understand the message of the spatial and attribute data of a representation in an intelligible manner.
Validation enables the user to understand the likely overall quality of the representation. Exploration
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