Exam (elaborations)
Pathoma Study Guide: Questions & Complete Answers
- Course
- Institution
Pathoma Study Guide: Questions & Complete Answers
[Show more]
Content preview
Pathoma Study Guide: Questions & Complete AnswersAnemia Right Ans - Reduction of circulating RBC mass
Presents w/ hypoxia
Hemoglobin is made of Right Ans - Heme & Globin
Heme is composed of Iron and protoporphyrin
Decrease in any of these:
Microcytic Anemia (MCV<80)
Iron deficiency Anemia Right Ans - Dec. iron in body
(either dietary lack or blood loss)
Pt undergoes gastrectomy, what happens w/ iron absorption? Right Ans -
Less acid, therefore iron remains in Fe3+ state (less absorbed)
Serum ferritin Right Ans - How much iron is stored intracellularly in body
(Norm m = 7-340)
(Norm f = 7-75)
Transferrin Right Ans - Binds iron in blood for delivery to bone & marrow
macrophage
Anemia
Koilonychia (spoon shaped nails)
Pica (pt chews on things) Right Ans - Iron deficiency
(Rx: Ferrous Sulfate)
Iron deficiency anemia
Esophageal web
& Atrophic glossitis
"beefy red tongue" Right Ans - Plummer Vinson Syndrome
Anemia associated w/ chronic inflammation or cancer.
Inc in Hepcidin (sequesters iron)
so it can't be used for infection. Right Ans - Anemia of Chronic Disease
Anemia from defect in protoporphyrin synthesis
,(Commonly Vit B6 def causing dec Aminolevulinic Acid Synthase) Right
Ans - Sideroblastic Anemia
(Iron present w/in mitochondria)
Rx. w/ Isoniozide
Inherited gene mutation in thalassemia has protective mechanism against:
Right Ans - Plasmodium Falciparum Malaria
Beta globulin chains form tetramers (HbH) Right Ans - Alpha Thalassemia
(3 genes deleted - severe)
Gamma globulin chains form tetramers in fetus (Hb Barts) Right Ans -
Alpha Thalassemia (4 gene deletion - lethal in utero)
"Hydrops Fetalis"
B/B+
B = Normal beta chain
B+ = diminished beta chain Right Ans - Beta Thalassemia Minor
B^o/ B^o
(B^o = absent beta chain)
Alpha tetramers form Right Ans - Beta Thalassemia Major
"expansion erythropoiesis in the skull & face)
Macrocytic Anemias (MCV > 100) most commonly due to: Right Ans -
Folate or Vit B12 Deficiency
Hypersegmented neutrophils & macroovalocytes
What drug that inhibits dihydrofolate reductase can cause folate deficiency
Macrocytic Anemia? Right Ans - Methotrexate
Macrocytic RBCs w/ hypersegmented neutrophils
Glossitis
Dec. serum folate
Inc serum homocysteine
**Normal methylmalonic acid (0-0.4) Right Ans - Macrocytic anemia from
Folate deficiency
, Autoimmune destruction of parietal cells of stomach causing decreased IF
Right Ans - Pernicious Anemia
(Binding of IF to Vit B12 needed for absorption in ileum)
Due to either peripheral destruction of RBC's or Underproduction of RBCs
Right Ans - Normocytic Anemia (MCV 80-100)
Reticulocyte count > 3% Right Ans - Normocytic Anemia w/ peripheral
destruction of RBCs
Hereditary defect of RBC cytoskeletal proteins Spectrin, Ankyrin, Band 3.1
Right Ans - Hereditary Spherocytosis
Howell-Joly bodies in RBC Right Ans - Hereditary Spherocytosis
AR mutation in B chain of hemoglobin
Mutation from glutamic acid --> Valine Right Ans - Sickle Cell Anemia
HbS --> sickle shaping
(Protective against Falciprum Malaria)
AR mutation in Beta chain
Mutation from Glutamic Acid --> Lysine
HbC Right Ans - Hemoglobin C
"Hemoglobin C has Lycccene!"
Acquired defect in myeloid stem cell
Dec. expression of GPI (anchoring) protein (lack of CD55 marker)
RBCs susceptible to rupture from Complement Right Ans - Paroxysmal
Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria
(Intravascular hemolysis @ night!)
X-linked recessive disorder that increases susceptibility of RBC to oxidative
stress
Protective role against Falciprum Malaria Right Ans - G6PD Deficiency
(Normocytic anemia)
"Bite cell" - heinz bodies removed by splenic macrophage
Immune Hemolytic Anemia resulting in spherocytes
Assoc. w/ SLE, CLL, some drugs Right Ans - IgG mediated IHA
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller LeCrae. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $15.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
82956 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now