Pathoma High Yields – Questions & Complete Solutions
Where is vWF derived from? Right Ans - Weibel-Palade bodies of
endothelial cells and alpha granules of platelets
Where does iron absorption occur? Right Ans - In the duodenum where the
enterocytes have DMT1 heme transporters
What is sideroblastic anemia? Right Ans - Anemia due to defective
protoporphyrin synthesis
Thalassemia patients have a causative inherited mutation that protects them
against what? Right Ans - Plasmodium falciparum malaria
What typically causes Alpha-Thalassemia?
What typically causes Beta-Thalassemia? Right Ans - Alpha = GENE
DELETION
Beta = GENE MUTATIONS
What do the electrophoresis results from a Beta-Thalassemia major patient
show? Right Ans - Little or no hemoglobin alpha
What presents as a crew cut appearance on x-ray? Right Ans - This is
massive erythroid hyperplasia causing expansion of hematopoiesis into the
skull which can occur in alpha and beta thalassemia.
Where is folate absorbed? Right Ans - In the jejunum
What are the three P's of Parietal cells? Right Ans - 1. Pink
2. Produce protons (acid)
3. Pernicious anemia
What is a critical complication of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria?
Right Ans - Iron deficiency anemia and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
What is neutrophilic leukocytosis? What can cause it? Right Ans - Increased
numbers of circulating neutrophils
, Bacterial infection or tissue necrosis can cause this and many of these
circulating PMN's are immature (LEFT SHIFT): THESE IMMATURE CELLS ARE
CHARACTERIZED BY DECREASED Fc RECEPTORS (CD16)
What three things can cause Eosinophilia? Right Ans - 1. Type I HS Allergic
Reactions
2. Parasitic Infections
3. Hodgkin Lymphoma
What organism can cause a lymphocytic leukocytosis? How does it do this?
Right Ans - BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS
Bacteria produce lymphocytosis-promoting factor, which blocks circulating
lymphocytes from leaving the blood to enter the lymph node
What three locations does EBV primarily infect? Right Ans - 1. Oropharynx
2. Liver
3. B Cells
Kids who contract EBV should follow what recommendation? Why? Right
Ans - Avoid contact sports for 1 year
Increased risk for splenic rupture
What group represents the most common class of patients to develop Acute
Lymphoblastic Leukemia? Right Ans - Most commonly arises in children
and is associated with Down Syndrome that USUALLY DEVELOPS AFTER THE
AGE OF 5 YEARS -> "down syndrome kids always want ALL the hugs"
What are the two most common translocations that lead to ALL and what
groups are they seen in? Right Ans - t(12;21) has a good prognosis ->
commonly seen in children (especially Down syndrome patients after age 5)
t(9;22) has a poor prognosis -> commonly seen in adults (Philadelphia
chromosome)
How do you differentiate lymphoblasts from myeloblasts? Right Ans -
Lymphoblasts = TdT (+)
Myeloblasts = MPO (+)
Where is vWF derived from? Right Ans - Weibel-Palade bodies of
endothelial cells and alpha granules of platelets
Where does iron absorption occur? Right Ans - In the duodenum where the
enterocytes have DMT1 heme transporters
What is sideroblastic anemia? Right Ans - Anemia due to defective
protoporphyrin synthesis
Thalassemia patients have a causative inherited mutation that protects them
against what? Right Ans - Plasmodium falciparum malaria
What typically causes Alpha-Thalassemia?
What typically causes Beta-Thalassemia? Right Ans - Alpha = GENE
DELETION
Beta = GENE MUTATIONS
What do the electrophoresis results from a Beta-Thalassemia major patient
show? Right Ans - Little or no hemoglobin alpha
What presents as a crew cut appearance on x-ray? Right Ans - This is
massive erythroid hyperplasia causing expansion of hematopoiesis into the
skull which can occur in alpha and beta thalassemia.
Where is folate absorbed? Right Ans - In the jejunum
What are the three P's of Parietal cells? Right Ans - 1. Pink
2. Produce protons (acid)
3. Pernicious anemia
What is a critical complication of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria?
Right Ans - Iron deficiency anemia and Acute Myeloid Leukemia
What is neutrophilic leukocytosis? What can cause it? Right Ans - Increased
numbers of circulating neutrophils
, Bacterial infection or tissue necrosis can cause this and many of these
circulating PMN's are immature (LEFT SHIFT): THESE IMMATURE CELLS ARE
CHARACTERIZED BY DECREASED Fc RECEPTORS (CD16)
What three things can cause Eosinophilia? Right Ans - 1. Type I HS Allergic
Reactions
2. Parasitic Infections
3. Hodgkin Lymphoma
What organism can cause a lymphocytic leukocytosis? How does it do this?
Right Ans - BORDETELLA PERTUSSIS
Bacteria produce lymphocytosis-promoting factor, which blocks circulating
lymphocytes from leaving the blood to enter the lymph node
What three locations does EBV primarily infect? Right Ans - 1. Oropharynx
2. Liver
3. B Cells
Kids who contract EBV should follow what recommendation? Why? Right
Ans - Avoid contact sports for 1 year
Increased risk for splenic rupture
What group represents the most common class of patients to develop Acute
Lymphoblastic Leukemia? Right Ans - Most commonly arises in children
and is associated with Down Syndrome that USUALLY DEVELOPS AFTER THE
AGE OF 5 YEARS -> "down syndrome kids always want ALL the hugs"
What are the two most common translocations that lead to ALL and what
groups are they seen in? Right Ans - t(12;21) has a good prognosis ->
commonly seen in children (especially Down syndrome patients after age 5)
t(9;22) has a poor prognosis -> commonly seen in adults (Philadelphia
chromosome)
How do you differentiate lymphoblasts from myeloblasts? Right Ans -
Lymphoblasts = TdT (+)
Myeloblasts = MPO (+)
