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NURS 6010 Exam 1 Practice Questions And Complete Answers.
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What are the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell? - Answer -no distinct nucleus -not membrane-bound -examples are blue-green algae, cyanobacteria, E. coli, lactobacillus acidophilus What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells? - Answer -defined nucleus -precise DNA replication th...

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  • October 5, 2024
  • 21
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
  • Questions & answers

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  • characteristics of a prokaryotic cell

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NURS 6010 Exam 1 Practice Questions
And Complete Answers.
What are the characteristics of a prokaryotic cell? - Answer -no distinct nucleus

-not membrane-bound

-examples are blue-green algae, cyanobacteria, E. coli, lactobacillus acidophilus



What are the characteristics of eukaryotic cells? - Answer -defined nucleus

-precise DNA replication through histones

-examples are plant and animal cells



Viruses are NOT _________ and do not have the structure of __________; some contain DNA but others
only contain RNA - Answer cells; cells



What are the 8 basic cellular functions: - Answer -movement

-conductivity

-secretion

-excretion

-metabolic

-respiration

-reproduction

-communication



What is the function of the nucleus? - Answer cell division and contains genetic information



What is the function of the cytoplasm? - Answer surrounds organelles and stores fat; cytosol makes up
more than half of the cell volume

,What is the function of the endoplasmic reticulum? - Answer -rough: protein synthesis and folding in
the cell

-smooth: steroid hormone synthesis



What is the function of the ribosomes? - Answer additional site of protein synthesis



What is the function of the golgi complex? - Answer receives proteins, packages them, and sends them
to correct destination



What is the function of the lysosomes? - Answer originate in the golgi and are necessary for normal
digestion of cellular nutrients (hydrolyze fats, proteins, and carbs into basic metabolic components)



Cellular injury can release lysosomes and cause _____________ - Answer autodigestion



What is the function of the peroxisomes? - Answer oxidize enzymes and detoxify compounds and fatty
acids



What is the function of the mitochondria? - Answer responsible for cellular respiration and energy
production



What is the function of the cytoskeleton? - Answer maintains cell shape and organization



What is the function of the plasma membrane? - Answer -structure (contains organelles, molecules,
maintains fluid/electrolyte balance)

-protection (barrier to toxins)

-activation (through hormones, cell division, antigens, growth factors)

-transport (diffusion, endocytosis, exocytosis, active transport)

-cell to cell communication



What is the composition of the plasma membrane? - Answer phospholipid bilayer with hydrophilic
heads on inside/outside and hydrophobic tails in the middle, making membrane mostly impermeable to
water soluble molecules

, What are the 3 ways cells bind together? - Answer 1) cellular receptors

2) extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules

3) cell junctions



How do cellular receptors bind cells together? - Answer they are protein molecules on the membrane
that recognize a ligand and attach to a binding site



How do the extracellular matrix and adhesion molecules work? - Answer extracellular matrix is a
meshwork of fibrous proteins formed by cells that secrete fibroblasts; integrins are cell surface proteins
that bind to adjacent cell components and regulate interactions between the cell and matrix



What are the types of cell junctions? - Answer -tight seal (epithelial)

-mechanical attachment (cytoskeletal filaments)

-chemical bonds/gap junctions (transmembrane pores)



movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration -
Answer diffusion



solute movement across membrane due to a pushing force (hydrostatic pressure) - Answer filtration



movement of a solvent from high to low concentration across a semi-permeable membrane - Answer
osmosis



osmotic pressure= - Answer amount of pressure required to stop osmosis



What does osmolality measure? - Answer -solution (solute + solvent) aka weight

-concentration of osmoles per kg of water



What does osmolarity measure? - Answer -solvent (solvent - solute) aka volume

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