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Pathoma Chapter 2: Questions & Accurate Solutions
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Pathoma Chapter 2: Questions & Accurate Solutions
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Pathoma Chapters 1-3: Questions & Answers (RatedA+)
Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
These processes happen in response to an increased or decreased
stress/stimulus? Right Ans - Increased
Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
Which involves protein synthesis and production of organelles? Right Ans -
Hypertrophy
Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
Which involves activation of Stem Cells? Right Ans - Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
What are the 3 permanent tissues? Right Ans - 1. CNS
2. Cardiac Muscle
3. Skeletal Muscle
Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
What defines a Permanent tissue? Right Ans - No Stem Cells
Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
What is the only Hyperplasia that doesn't have an increased risk for cancer?
Right Ans - BPH
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Hypertrophy vs Hyperplasia:
Which can progress to dysplasia? Right Ans - Hyperplasia
Atrophy:
This response happens due to an increase or decrease in stimulus/stress?
Right Ans - Decrease
Atrophy:
Is a decrease in cell size, number or both? Right Ans - Both
Decrease in Size and Number
,Atrophy:
Decrease in cell number occurs via apoptosis or necrosis? Right Ans -
Apoptosis
Atrophy:
Decrease in cell size occurs via which pathway? Right Ans -
Ubiquitinization
Metaplasia:
What are the 3 kinds of Epithelium? Right Ans - 1. Squamous
2. Transitional
3. Columnar
Metaplasia:
What disease is a classic example of this process? Right Ans - Barret's
Esophagus
Metaplasia:
Barret's Esophagus is a change of epithelium from what type to what type?
Right Ans - Squamous to Columnar
Metaplasia:
Occurs via reprogramming of what cells? Right Ans - Stem Cells
Metaplasia:
Does this process increase risk of CA? Right Ans - Yes
Metaplasia:
What is the only metaplasia that does not increase risk of CA? Right Ans -
Apocrine Metaplasia of Breast
i.e. Fibrocystic Changes
What is the difference between Aplasia and Hypoplasia? Right Ans -
Aplasia = Failure of Cell production during embryogenesis
Hypoplasia = Decreased Cell production during embryogenesis
Oxygen Delivery:
Hypoxia is an inability to get Oxygen to what? Right Ans - Tissue
, Oxygen Delivery:
Hypoxemia is an inability to get Oxygen to what? Right Ans - Blood
Oxygen Delivery:
What is FiO2? Right Ans - Percent of O2 in Air we breath
Oxygen Delivery:
What are the 3 Important components of FiO2? Right Ans - 1. Oxygen
2. CO2
3. Nitrogen
Oxygen Delivery:
What is PAO2? Right Ans - Percent of O2 in Alveolus
Oxygen Delivery:
What are the 2 important components of PAO2? Right Ans - 1. Oxygen
2. CO2
Oxygen Delivery:
What is the relationship between Oxygen and CO2 in Alveolus? Right Ans -
Oxygen = 1/CO2
Oxygen Delivery:
What is the relationship between CO2 and Ventilation in Alveolus? Right
Ans - Ventilation = 1/CO2
Oxygen Delivery:
What is PaO2? Right Ans - Oxygen dissolved in blood
Oxygen Delivery:
FiO2 → PAO2 → PaO2 → SaO2;
What do the 3 arrows represent? Right Ans - 1st Arrow = Airway
2nd Arrow = O2 transfer from Lung to Blood i.e. Diffusion
3rd Arrow = O2 transfer from Blood to Hb
Oxygen Delivery:
FiO2 → PAO2 → PaO2 → SaO2;
What parts above represent Hypoxemia? Right Ans - *FiO2 → PAO2 →*
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