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UC 8024 Pharm Exam 4|68 Questions with Verified Answers,100% CORRECT
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UC 8024 Pharm Exam 4|68 Questions with Verified Answers
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UC 8024 Pharm Exam 4|68 Questions with Verified AnswersBiguanides (Metformin) - CORRECT ANSWER First line agent for DMII
MOA: Decreases liver glucose production
ADE: diarrhea and abdominal pain
BBW: Lactic Acidosis - rare
Contra: Pts with renal impairment
Sulfonylureas - CORRECT ANSWER MOA: Increased endogenous insulin secretion
(binding to pancreatic beta receptors to trigger insulin release)
ADE: Hypoglycemia (combined w/ other agents), wt gain, rash (sulfa), HA, N/V,
photosensitivity
Caution: Renal/hepatic impairment
Thiazolidinediones (TZDs) - CORRECT ANSWER MOA: Increases muscle and
adipose cell sensitivity to insulin & suppresses liver glucose production
ADE: Wt gain, edema, hypoglycemia (if taken w/ insulin), possible increased
fracture risk (women),
BBW: CHF
Caution: hepatic impairment
Meglitinides - CORRECT ANSWER MOA: stimulate insulin secretion in presence of
glucose
ADE: Hypoglycemia (if patient has abnormal eating schedule), wt gain, SJS,
,Contra: with use of gemfibrozil
Caution: hepatic dysfunction
Medications in class: Repaglinide (Prandin), Nateglinide (Starlix)
GLP-1 Agonists - CORRECT ANSWER MOA: increases glucose-mediated insulin
release. suppresses glucagon secretion, delays gastric emptying
ADE: wt. loss, GI symptoms, pancreatitis
Caution: renal dysfunction, severe gastroparesis
Medications in class: exenatide (Byetta), liraglutide (Victoza, Dulaglutide (Trulicity)
SGLT2 Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER MOA: Block renal glucose resorption -
causes glucosuria
ADE: GU infections, Wt loss, polyuria, dehydration
Contra: severe renal impairment
**Fracture risk
***Dose-related increase in LDL
Alpha-glucosidase Inhibitors - CORRECT ANSWER MOA: blocks enzymes that
digest starch in small bowel; causing decreased glucose absorption
ADE: flatulence, abdominal discomfort
Hypoglycemia risk with secretagogue
Contra: pts with IBS or cirrhosis
Medications in this class: acarbose (Precose) and miglitol (Glyset)
, DPP-4 Inhibitor - CORRECT ANSWER MOA: inhibits breakdown of glucagon-like
peptide-1 secreted during meals
Oral medication: Increased glucose-mediated insulin release, delays gastric
emptying (promotes satiety)
ADE: Pancreatitis, NV, hypersensitivity (angioedema, anaphylaxis)
Caution: renal insufficiency
Medications in this class: sitagliptin (Januvia, Saxagliptin (Onglyza, linagliptin,
alogliptin, vildagliptin
Amylin Analog (Pramlinitide) - CORRECT ANSWER Given immediately prior to meal
via SQ injection
MOA: Slows gastric emptying by binding to amylin receptors
Uses: in type I and type II DM
ADE: Nausea, HA and cough
BBW: type I DM due to higher risk of hypoglycemia
Bile Acid Sequestrants - CORRECT ANSWER MOA: Binds to bile acids to decrease
glucose
ADE: constipation, indigestion, flatulence, hypersensitivity reactions,
hypertriglyyceridemia
Considerations: large pill (dysphagia may present as an issue)
Regular + NPH Insulin - CORRECT ANSWER Give 2/3 dose in AM (2/3 NPH + 1/3
Regular)
Give 1/3 in PM - Prior to meal or bedtime (1/3 NPH +1/3 Regular)
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