CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE EXAM 1 USAHS
EXAM | ALL QUESTIONS AND CORRECT
ANSWERS | LATEST VERSION | GRADED
A+ | VERIFIED ANSWERS
What is the clonus reflex? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------involuntary
rhythmic, repetitive contractions of foot seen with UMN lesion
What is Hoffman's sign? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------tested by
holding the patient's middle finger and flicking it downward causing the
finger to extend slightly. If the thumb flexes or adducts in response, this
sign is positive -- heightened finger flexors
What are the reflex grades? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------0 -
absent
1+ - trace
2+ - normal
3+ - brisk
4+ - non sustained clonus
5+ - sustained clonus
What is the Babinski reflex? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------the big
toe is extended and the other toes fan in response to the brushing of the
sole of the foot-- positive response
When would you use the abdominal cutaneous reflex? ------CORRECT
ANSWER---------------for coma, spinal cord injury, frontal lobe dysfunction,
neurodegerative disorders
,What is appendicular coordination ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
ataxia is abnormal movements in coordination
look for overshoot with finger to nose test or heel-shin test
What is the Romberg test? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------Tests the
client's coordination, client stands with feet together and arms at sides eyes
open and then closed. Client should be able to maintain the position for 20
secs with minimal or no swaying
tests 3 sensory systems --> vision, vestibular, proprioception
What is gait? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------observe walking toward
and away
note stance, posture, stability, how high feet raise off the floor, trajectory of
leg swing and if there is circumduction, leg stiffness, degree of knee
bending, arm swing, tendency to fall or sway, rate and speed, difficulty
initiating or stopping gait, and involuntary movements
test tandem gait, test forced gait
How can you conduct a sensory exam? ------CORRECT ANSWER------------
---1. primary sensation, asymmetry, and sensory level
2. cortical sensation, including extinction
primary sensation, asymmetry, sensory level ------CORRECT ANSWER-----
----------test light touch, pain sensation, temperature, vibration, joint position
sense, and two-point discrimination
, Cortical sensation, including extinction ------CORRECT ANSWER-------------
--test graphesthesia by identifying letters on hand
test stereognosis by closing etes and identifying objects
test tactile extinction
What are the 5 stages of neural development? ------CORRECT ANSWER---
------------1. Neurulation
2. Cell proliferation
3. Migration/ aggregation
4. Formation of axonal and dendritic processes aka Cell Differentiation
5. Synaptogenesis
What happens on day 14 of neurulation? ------CORRECT ANSWER----------
-----the formation of gastrula -- ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
What happens on day 21 of neurulation? ------CORRECT ANSWER----------
-----notochord forms -- mesodomal structure
What happens on day 28 of neurulation? ------CORRECT ANSWER----------
-----formation of neural crest and tube from ectoderm, mesoderm, and
endoderm
What does the neural tube become? ------CORRECT ANSWER---------------
CNS
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