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NURP 531 - Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions

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NURP 531 - Exam 1 Study Guide with Complete Solutions Menarche Onset - Answer-Begins between the ages of 12-15 y.o. Menopause Onset - Answer-Begins between the ages of 45-55 y.o. The Ovarian Cycle - Answer-Consists of the follicular and luteal phase The Follicular Phase - Answer-The first phas...

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  • October 6, 2024
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NURP 531 - Exam 1 Study Guide with
Complete Solutions

Menarche Onset - Answer✔✔-Begins between the ages of 12-15 y.o.


Menopause Onset - Answer✔✔-Begins between the ages of 45-55 y.o.


The Ovarian Cycle - Answer✔✔-Consists of the follicular and luteal phase


The Follicular Phase - Answer✔✔-The first phase of the ovarian cycle, during which a follicle enlarges

and matures. This phase is under the control of FSH from the anterior pituitary, and typically lasts from

day 1 to day 14 of the menstrual cycle. The follicle secretes estrogen during this time period.




Ends with LH surge


The Ovulation Phase - Answer✔✔-The second phase of the ovarian cycle where elevated estradiol levels

results in a positive feedback to the pituitary gland.




LH surge results in progesterone production


The Luteal Phase - Answer✔✔-The third phase of the ovarian cycle, during which a corpus luteum is

formed from the remnants of the follicle that has ovulated its oocyte. The corpus luteum secretes

progesterone and estrogen during this time period, which typically lasts from day 15 to day 28 of the

menstrual cycle. Formation of the corpul luteum is triggered by the same LH surge that triggers

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,EMILLYCHARLOTTE 2024/2025 ACADEMIC YAER ©2024 EMILLYCHARLOTTE. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
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ovulation, however in the absence of LH (levels quickly decline after the surge) the corpus luteum begins

to degenerate.


The Uterine or Endometrial Cycle - Answer✔✔-Consists of the menstrual, proliferative, and secretory

phase


The Menstrual Cycle - Answer✔✔-Cycle during which an egg develops and is released from an ovary and

the uterus is prepared to receive a fertilized egg.


The Proliferative Phase - Answer✔✔-The second phase of the uterine (endometrial) cycle, during which

the endometrium. This phase of the cycle is under the control of estrogen, secreted from the follicle

developing in the ovary during this time period. The proliferative phase typically lasts from day 4 to day

14 of the menstrual cycle.


The Secretory Phase - Answer✔✔-The third phase of the uterine (endometrial) cycle, during which the

rebuilt endometrium is enhanced with glycogen and lipid stores. The secretory phase is primarily under

the control of progestogen and estrogen (secreted from the copus luteum during this time period), and

typically lasts from day 15 to day 28 of the menstrual cycle.


The Four Working Structures for a Menstrual Cycle - Answer✔✔-The uterus, the ovary, the pituitary, and

the hypothalamus


The Hypothalamus - Answer✔✔-1. Hypothalamus- releases GnRH


2. GnRH- stimulates the anterior pituitary gland


3. Anterior Pituitary gland- releases/stimulates FSH and LH


4. FSH and LH- act on the ovaries


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5. Ovaries- cause estrogen and progesterone to be secreted


6. High levels of estrogen- send a signal to the anterior pituitary


7. Anterior pituitary gland- creates an FSH and LH surge 36 hours before ovulation




FSH high = estrogen low




Estrogen is a negative feedback loop to the anterior pituitary, keeping the FSH low until estrogen levels

reach a certain level and it turns into a positive feedback mechanism.


Hypothalamus/ GnRH - Answer✔✔-The hypothalamus releases GnRH in a pulsative manner




GnRH will either stimulate or inhibit the pituitary gland to produce FSH and LH


Folicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) - Answer✔✔-Stimulates follicle maturation; spermatogenesis




When a follicle is developing, estrogen is being produced


Luteinizing Hormone (LH) - Answer✔✔-Stimulates the cells production of androgen




Approximately 36 hours after the LH surge occurs, rupture or ovulation will occur. What is left behind is

the corpus luteum which will produce progesterone (supports the uterine lining).



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