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SPMA 3P17 Exam Questions and Answers
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SPMA 3P17 Exam Questions and Answers
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SPMA 3P17how do we collect and analyze qualitative data? - Answer -participant observation
- analyzing field sites
- interested in the dynamics of human interactions
- where interviewing is not possible
- or together with interviewing and/or documents
method - Answer -how you go about doing something
eg. participant observation - being in the field, observing, taking down notes, recording natural life
methodology - Answer -why you are going about it in a particular way
- overarching framework
eg. ethnography - research in the setting observing as things happen to understand human life in a
particular setting
characteristics of participant observation - Answer -- based on "naturalism"
- social context (setting) is of multiple importance
- direct observation and interaction
- sufficient time
- use of a variety of data sources
,- volume of recorded data
- evolving character of the study
- researcher is the primary data collection instrument
- focus on both explicit and tactic knowledge
explicit knowledge - Answer -exactly what is said, heard, and seen
tactic knowledge - Answer -the unspoken, information that is harder to get at
assumptions of participant observation - Answer -- a researcher can are in the participants world
- a researcher can directly participate in the participants world
- by participating in the participants world, a researcher can understand the participants world from
his/her unique perspective
role of the observer - Answer -- covert role
- complete role
- active role
- peripheral role
peripheral role - Answer -maintains the fly on the wall stance, basically a witness, documents what they
see, an invisible role
active role - Answer -researcher is actively involved in whatever field research they're in
complete role - Answer -completely emerged in the study, overt, participant in the activity
covert role - Answer -access to hiden facets of social life (drug dealing), can be risky, harder to get
ethical clearance
portrayal of the purpose of the research to others - Answer -false explanation
, - using deception as to the purpose of the research project
covert explanations
- no explanation
partial explanation
- not everyone knows the true intent of the project
full explanation of real purpose
- everyone knows the intent of the research
duration of observations - Answer -- single observation, limited time
- long term, multiple observations
- general rule: start with a broad focus and move to a narrow focus to look for particular important
issues
procedures in participant observation - Answer -1. select a site to be observed
2. negotiate access and entry to the site
3. determine who or what to observe, when, and for how long
4. determine role in the setting
5. design an observation protocol
6. conduct systematic data collection and begin analysis
7. decide when and how to leave the setting
8. complete the analysis process and write the research report
types of field notes - Answer -- jotted notes
- direct observation notes
- researcher inference notes
- analytic notes
- personal notes
jotted notes - Answer -- written in the field
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