Advanced Pathophysiology HESI RN Exam 2
( Latest ) Actual Questions and Answers
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1. If a tissue specimen of myocardial cells were obtained for examination
from Mr. Forbes, which of the following findings would indicate irreversible
cell injury?
a. cellular swelling
b. decreased ATP production
c. decreased intracellular calcium
d. dissolution of nuclear material:
Answer:
D
2. The accumulation of lactic acid that occurs with impaired energy production
results from which of the following?
a. increased intracellular glucose
b. increased anaerobic metabolism
c. decreased metabolic rate
d. increased oxidative phosphorylation:
Answer:
B
3. A mountain climber is stranded at 23,000 feet in the Swiss Alps and has
lost all his equipment and supplies in an avalanche. Subsequently, he suffers cell
injury due to impaired ATP production. The reason for the decrease in
ATP is which of the following?
a. enzyme inhibition
b. uncoupling
c. hypoxia
d. none of the above:
Answer:
C
4. An elderly patient develops an obstruction in his left middle cerebral
artery. The brain tissue supplied by this artery becomes hypoxic. The best
explanation for this is which of the following?
a. the obstruction results in decreased blood flow
b. the obstruction results in decreased hemoglobin in the blood
,c. while blood flow stays the same, the obstruction reduces oxygen content
in the blood
d. none of the above explain the reason for the hypoxia:
Answer:
A
5. Increased mobilization and delivery of free fatty acids to liver cells can result
in fat accumulation. Which of the following problems results in increased
mobilization of free fatty acids?
a. anemia
b. hepatic toxins
c. starvation
d. hypoxia:
Answer:
C
6. Generalized hypoxia results in a switch to anaerobic metabolism in cells.
Anaerobic metabolism results in which of the following?
a. decreased lactic acid inside cells
b. decreased arterial pH
c. more effective ATP production
d. increased pH inside cells:
Answer:
B
7. There is a disease of the spleen, which results in an excessive destruction
of RBCs. This increase in RBC destruction can lead to which of the following?
a. hypoxia
b. hypobilirubinemia
c. an increase in platelets
d. all of the above:
Answer:
A
8. Your body has developed an increased demand for thyroid hormones.
This will lead to of the thyroid gland.
a. atrophy
b. hypertrophy
c. dysplasia
,d. metaplasia:
Answer:
B
9. You palpate a gangrenous leg and note the presence of crepitus. Crepitus
is associated with which of the following?
a. wet gangrene
b. dry gangrene
c. gas gangrene
d. all of the above:
Answer:
C
10. A certain disease is currently found in 1 of every 10 people in the
country and 1,000 people contract the disease yearly. The population of the
country is 4,500,000. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. The prevalence of the disease is 10% and the incidence is .02%.
b. The prevalence of the disease is .02% and the incidence is 10%.
c. Neither is correct.
d. There is insufficient data:
Answer:
A
11. In relation to disease development, the term "etiology" refers to which
ofthe following?
a. number of people with the disease
b. cause of the disease
c. definition of the disease
d. outcome of the disease:
Answer:
B
12. Which of the following is(are) true about "symptoms"?
a. objective and measurable
b. the same as "signs"
c. both of the above
d. neither of the above:
Answer:
, D
13. In 1992, there were 980 deaths in a Midwestern city with a population
of 1,000,000. At the beginning of that year, 900 cases of AIDS existed in
this population. During the year, 250 new cases of AIDS were diagnosed,
and 75people died of the disease in 1992.
Using the data given above, what was the incidence rate (per 100,000 population)
at the end of 1992 for AIDS?
a. 6
b. 25
c. 88
d. 116:
Answer:
B
14. What level of prevention is a blood pressure screening program for
highschool students who are pregnant?
a. primary
b. secondary
c. tertiary:
Answer:
B
15. Mr. Forbes complains of "indigestion" and becomes sweaty and pale.
His wife takes him to the Emergency Department at Northwestern Memorial
Hospital. A cardiac catheterization 2 days later shows partial blockage of his right
coronary artery (RCA).
Blockage of the right coronary artery can lead to myocardial cell injury
because it results in which of the following?
a. bilirubin accumulation in myocardial cells
b. alteration in the genetic material of myocardial cells
c. reduced energy production in myocardial cells
d. activation of the complement system:
Answer:
C
16. When myocardial cells are injured, the function of the Na-K
membranepump may be impaired. Which of the following may then
result? a.intracellular sodium will increase
b. extracellular potassium will decrease
c. cell volume will decrease
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