Exam (elaborations)
STRAIGHTERLINE NUTRITION FINAL
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STRAIGHTERLINE NUTRITION FINAL
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STRAIGHTERLINE NUTRITION FINALWhat is the major monosaccharide found in the human body? - Answers-glucose
Which of these is a complex carbohydrate that cannot be broken down by the human
digestive process? - Answers-fiber
What is the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2010? - Answers-to help
Americans choose an overall healthful diet
How much moderate-intensity exercise is recommended in order to decrease an
individual's risk of chronic disease? - Answers-30 minutes per day
What substances manufactured by the endocrine glands act as chemical messengers in
the body? - Answers-hormones
What is the term for the partially digested food mixture as it leaves the stomach and
enters the small intestine? - Answers-chyme
How does the body regulate blood glucose levels after a meal? - Answers-insulin is
released from the pancreas
Which of the following is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease? - Answers-blood
pressure > 138/89 mg HG*
If a 100-calorie serving of food has 10 grams of fat, what percentage of the calories in
that food is fat? - Answers-90%
Plant proteins are considered incomplete when they are missing which of these? -
Answers-essential amino acids
Edema can be caused by a lack of which substance in the bloodstream? - Answers-
protein
The enzymatic digestion of protein begins in the - Answers-stomach
Based on the RDA, how many grams of protein would a healthy 125-pound woman
need daily? - Answers-46
Which of the following is closely correlated with an increase in basal metabolic rate? -
Answers-having greater lean body mass*
,Joe is 25 years old and weighs 154 pounds. What would be Joe's 24-hour estimated
basal metabolic rate? - Answers-1680 kcal/24 hours*
Which term refers to the minimum amount of energy required to maintain the body at
rest? - Answers-basal metabolism
What theory proposes that everyone has a genetically determined body weight that is
maintained through internal controls? - Answers-set point theory
In which list are all of the vitamins fat-soluble? - Answers-Vitamins A,D,E,K
Which of these is the only animal-derived food that contains a significant amount of
carbohydrates? - Answers-milk
Which enzyme breaks down carbohydrate? - Answers-amylase
What product is formed as a result of the incomplete breakdown of fat when
carbohydrates are not available to the body? - Answers-ketones
Which type of fats can raise the low-density lipoprotein (LDL) level in the blood? -
Answers-saturated
What is an advantage of fat as a source of fuel for exercise? - Answers-It supplies more
than twice the energy of carbohydrates
In the human body, when is glycogen synthesis greatest? - Answers-immediately
following exercise*
What is the first step in the production of energy from food? - Answers-anaerobic
breakdown of glucose in the cytoplasm
A cell's genetic material is contained in its - Answers-nucleus
The primary functions of epithelial tissue in the lining of the respiratory tract are to -
Answers-secrete important substances, absorb nutrients, and excrete waste*
What happens in the human body when too much Vitamin C is consumed via
supplements? - Answers-It is excreted in the feces and urine
What is the primary role of vitamin D in the body? - Answers-to help regulate calcium
and bone metabolism
Where is most vitamin A stored in the body? - Answers-liver
Which vitamin is synthesized in the skin with exposure to UVB rays? - Answers-vitamin
D
, Iron absorption is enhanced by the consumption of - Answers-oranges
Why does an increase in energy expenditure require an increase in B complex
vitamins? - Answers-they are involved in carb, fat, and protein metabolism
What compound is necessary for the absorption of Vitamin B-12? - Answers-intrinsic
factor
How does sodium maintain appropriate fluid balance in the body? - Answers-in
osmosis, sodium acts as the major positive ion in the extracellular fluid*
Which mineral is important in regulating the human heartbeat? - Answers-potassium
Goiter is caused by a deficiency of - Answers-iodine
While Jim was running a marathon he lost 2.5 pounds. How much fluid should Jim have
consumed to prevent dehydration? - Answers-50-60 ounces
Why does excessive intake of alcohol result in dehydration? - Answers-antidiuretic
hormone is inhibited by alcohol
A decrease in urine output would likely be the result of a diet that is - Answers-high in
protein and sodium
Which pituitary hormone signals the kidneys to conserve water by conserving sodium? -
Answers-aldosterone
During which stage of the lifecycle can a prolonged deficiency in iron result in impaired
cognitive development? - Answers-early infancy
Which government program provides supplemental food vouchers specifically for low-
income pregnant women and children? - Answers-women, infants, and children (WIC)
Which is a symptom of anorexia? - Answers-rituals involving food and exercise
Which statement describes a consequence of anorexia? - Answers-body temperature is
lowered, which results in decreased metabolism*
Which of these is an effective means to reduce the risk of foodborne illnesses? -
Answers-thaw foods in the fridge
According to the EPA, which of the following is a useful strategy for reducing the intake
of pesticide residue from foods? - Answers-thoroughly scrub, rinse, and peel fruits and
vegetables
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